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. 2019 Feb 26;11(3):494. doi: 10.3390/nu11030494

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Effects of HBE on CPT1 and PPARα expression and AMPK, ACC signaling in FFA-treated HepG2 cells, with and without HBE supplementation. The mRNA expression of genes associated with fatty acid oxidation factors CPT1 (A) and PPARα (B) were quantified by real-time PCR and normalized by β-actin as an internal control. Western blot analysis of p-AMPK/AMPK (C) and p-ACC/ACC (D) in HepG2 cells. AMPK and ACC were used as a protein loading control of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and phosphorylated ACC (p-ACC), respectively. (E) CPT-1, PPARα, phosphorylated AMPK and phosphorylated ACC proteins level by immunoblot analysis. The results from three independent experiments are expressed as the mean ± SD. (F) Protein density of CPT-1 and PPARα. Equal loading of protein was verified by probing β-actin. The results from three independent experiments are expressed as the mean ± SD. ### p < 0.001 vs. Con; ∗ p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. FFA.