Table 2.
Effects on blood and hepatic parameters in HFD-fed mice receiving 6 weeks of treatments.
| Groups | ND | HFD | LH | MH |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food intake (g/day) | 3.8 ± 0.1 ns | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.3 |
| FER | 0.020 ± 0.00 b | 0.025 ± 0.00 a | 0.022 ± 0.00 ab | 0.022 ± 0.00 ab |
| Body mass (g) | ||||
| Initial (A) | 23.1 ± 0.6 ns | 22.8 ± 1.6 | 22.3 ± 1.6 | 22.5 ± 1.0 |
| Final (B) | 45.9 ± 3.7 c | 53.7 ± 3.0 a | 47.4 ± 1.4 bc | 48.2 ± 2.7 bc |
| Gains (B-A) | 22.7 ± 3.6 c | 30.9 ± 2.6 a | 25.1 ± 0.2 b | 25.7 ± 1.7 b |
| Relative organ weight (%) | ||||
| Liver | 3.6 ± 0.3 ns | 4.0 ± 1.6 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 3.8 ± 0.4 |
| Abdominal adipose tissue | 0.9 ± 0.3 b | 1.7 ± 0.4 a | 1.3 ± 0.4 b | 1.2 ± 0.7 b |
| Epdidymal adipose tissue | 4.1 ± 0.3 b | 5.3 ± 0.7 a | 4.6 ± 0.5 b | 4.4 ± 0.4 b |
| Serum biochemical assays | ||||
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 4.7 ± 0.6 a | 3.1 ± 1.3 b | 4.1 ± 1.2 ab | 4.3 ± 1.2 ab |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 0.4 ± 0.2 c | 1.5 ± 0.4 a | 0.9 ± 0.2 b | 1.0 ± 0.4 b |
| TG (mg/dL) | 148.6 ± 11.0 b | 184.2 ± 30.4 a | 171.4 ± 36.7 ab | 142.7 ± 20.9 b |
| TC (mg/dL) | 163.6 ± 23.2 ab | 191.3 ± 42.2 a | 158.4 ± 15.7 b | 179.9 ± 18.2 ab |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 83.5 ± 6.1 a | 71.2 ± 7.4 b | 82.1 ± 7.2 a | 84.2 ± 9.3 a |
| ALT (Karmen/mL) | 18.3 ± 2.1 b | 29.1 ± 7.5 a | 22.8 ± 8.6 ab | 19.9 ± 5.6 b |
| AST (Karmen/mL) | 54.0 ± 3.3 b | 65.1 ± 7.7 a | 55.4 ± 6.1 b | 56.8 ± 10.4 b |
| NO (µM) | 9.5 ± 2.3 b | 26.1 ± 9.4 a | 17.9 ± 6.3 b | 15.8 ± 5.0 b |
| Hepatic parameters | ||||
| MDA (nmol/g) | 35.1 ± 5.8 c | 66.5 ± 11.4 a | 51.1 ± 4.7 b | 38.4 ± 4.4c |
| NO (µM) | 38.9 ± 5.5 b | 53.1 ± 10.7 a | 42.0 ± 7.4 b | 41.9 ± 6.7 b |
| SOD (ug/mL) | 47.1 ± 1.9 b | 41.3 ± 2.2 b | 54.8 ± 11.5 a | 55.5 ± 4.1 a |
| GPx (ug/mL) | 1.4 ± 0.2 a | 1.0 ± 0.2 b | 1.3 ± 0.2 a | 1.3 ± 0.3 a |
| CAT (ng/mL) | 25.2 ± 3.1 a | 21.1 ± 1.0 b | 25.3 ± 5.7 a | 26.2 ± 2.7 a |
Data represent means ± SEM (n = 7 for each group). FER, food efficiency ratio; ns, not significant; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; NO, nitric oxide; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; CAT, catalase; ND, normal diet control; HFD, high-fat diet, LH, HFD+0.5% HBE; MH, HFD+1% HBE. The different letters (a > b > c) within a column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) determined by Duncan’s multiple range test.