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. 2019 Mar 18;19(5):3505–3518. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10051

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Copyright: © Zhang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 4. — Effects of TGF-β1 on osteogenic induction are dependent upon PI3K/AKT signalling. (A) Effects of treatment for 7 days with 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 and/or 10 µM LY, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, on the activity of ALP in hFOB1.19 human osteoblasts. ALP-positive cells were stained with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium. (B) Ca2+ deposits following treatment of osteoblasts for 14 days with 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 and/or 10 µM LY, identified by Alizarin red S staining. Scale bar, 200 µm. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. NC. AKT, protein kinase B; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; LY, LY294002; NC, negative control; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1.