Table 3.
Average values (mean ± standard deviation) of the volatile compounds in five Cabernet Sauvignon wines in Loess Plateau.
| T | Compound | Content (μg/L) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TYP | SLP | DST | NT | DA | ||
| Esters | ||||||
| 5.50 | Ethyl Acetate | 1670.70 ± 3.45 b | 2301.28 ± 4.51 d | 1541.92 ± 3.06 a | 1760.18 ± 4.64 c | 3247.69 ± 5.67 e |
| 7.07 | Ethyl Isovalerate | 5.69 ± 0.02 a | 34.43 ± 0.59 e | 16.35 ± 0.17 d | 14.16 ± 0.18 c | 12.59 ± 0.26 b |
| 9.05 | Isoamyl Acetate | 166.00 ± 2.51 a | 940.16 ± 0.14 e | 423.69 ± 0.95 d | 355.32 ± 0.22 c | 342.54 ± 0.19 b |
| 11.68 | Ethyl Hexanoate | 15.33 ± 0.55 a | 33.850 ± 0.62 c | 29.87 ± 1.08 c | 28.23 ± 0.95 d | 23.73 ± 0.73 b |
| 13.93 | Ethyl Lactate | 34,000.22 ± 4.15 d | 31,264.14 ± 1.99 c | 23,054.32 ± 3.54 b | 12,832.01 ± 4.67 a | 55,621.88 ± 3.63 e |
| 14.00 | Ethyl Heptanoate | 3.16 ± 0.23 c,d | 1.12 ± 0.05 a | 4.41 ± 0.21 d | 1.53 ± 0.70 a,b | 2.66 ± 0.37 b,c |
| 15.51 | Ethyl Caprylate | 4420.23 ± 3.44 e | 4378.07 ± 7.45 d | 4130.39 ± 4.75 c | 3107.50 ± 2.92 a | 3175.38 ± 8.68 b |
| 17.65 | Ethyl Nonanoate | 3.41 ± 1.30 a | 6.97 ± 0.66 b | 5.11 ± 0.03 a,b | 2.65 ± 0.24 a | 7.21 ± 0.09 b |
| 19.26 | Hexyl Hexanoate | 0.90 ± 0.01 b | 1.39 ± 0.02 e | 1.11 ± 0.01 d | 1.03 ± 0.01 c | 0.63 ± 0.01 a |
| 19.70 | Ethyl Decanoate | 384.84 ± 5.42 a | 806.360 ± 7.36 c | 1115.42 ± 8.91 d | 540.06 ± 1.30 b | 522.64 ± 3.30 b |
| Alcohols | ||||||
| 8.23 | Isobutanol | 2476.18 ± 0.28 d | 2354.35 ± 1.60 c | 1292.78 ± 5.23 a | 1384.78 ± 4.23 b | 3701.12 ± 6.12 e |
| 11.40 | Isoamyl Alcohol | 1677.67 ± 1.20 d | 1866.42 ± 3.44 c | 1851.10 ± 2.15 b | 1651.68 ± 11.60 d | 2010.54 ± 2.13 a |
| 13.33 | 2-Heptanol | 50.20 ± 0.06 d | 42.98 ± 0.17 c | 29.54 ± 0.01 b | 48.33 ± 1.10 d | 23.89 ± 0.73 a |
| 14.58 | (E)-3-Hexen-1-ol | 1.09 ± 0.51 a | 0.52 ± 0.05 a | 0.77 ± 0.01 a | 0.57 ± 0.04 a | 0.67 ± 0.02 a |
| 16.28 | Heptanol | 62.57 ± 0.22b | 68.13 ± 0.14c | ND | ND | 76.29 ± 0.43d |
| Aldehydes | ||||||
| 14.88 | Nonanal | 11.36 ± 1.27 a | 24.17 ± 1.99 c | 12.39 ± 2.24 a,b | 11.45 ± 0.73 a | 18.62 ± 1.95 b,c |
| 16.97 | Decanal | 7.83 ± 0.14 a | 19.79 ± 0.16 c | 6.28 ± 0.02 a | 6.13 ± 0.98 a | 15.59 ± 1.23 b |
| Ketones | ||||||
| 6.38 | 2,3-Butanedione | 730.61 ± 0.33 e | 227.67 ± 0.17 c | 198.72 ± 0.25 b | 44.23 ± 0.99 a | 251.12 ± 1.23 d |
| 12.79 | 3-hydroxy-2-Butanone | 483.35 ± 0.90 b | 529.67 ± 2.99 c | 578.98 ± 3.33 d | 602.23 ± 4.51 e | 411.03 ± 3.76 a |
| 13.64 | 1-Octen-3-one | 0.08 ± 0.02 a | 0.09 ± 0.01 a | 0.08 ± 0.01 a | 0.08 ± 0.01 a | 0.08 ± 0.01 a |
| Aromatic compounds | ||||||
| 18.84 | Benzaldehyde | 170.89 ± 1.99 c | 101.30 ± 4.67 a | 132.20 ± 1.75 b | 139.71 ± 2.32 b | 197.35 ± 1.32 d |
| 21.19 | Benzyl Alcohol | 2738.97 ± 3.44 c | 2444.73 ± 3.50 a | 2471.30 ± 8.90 a | 2638.18 ± 12.07 b | 4907.43 ± 11.05 d |
| 22.86 | Ethyl Phenylacetate | 9.53 ± 1.87 b | 31.16 ± 0.96 c | 11.91 ± 1.23 b | 8.71 ± 0.34 a,b | 5.29 ± 0.47 a |
| 23.31 | Phenethyl Acetate | 38.17 ± 0.04 a | 78.57 ± 0.11 e | 69.42 ± 0.09 d | 49.43 ± 0.26 b | 55.21 ± 0.90 c |
| 25.11 | Phenylethyl Alcohol | 12,543.37 ± 6.29 a | 16,110.19 ± 2.13 b | 16,156.39 ± 6.79 c | 18,903.91 ± 8.69 d | 19,803.92 ± 9.98 e |
| Terpenes | ||||||
| 9.56 | Terpinolene | 70.24 ± 1.64 c | 135.74 ± 2.67 d | ND | 30.46 ± 0.98 b | 147.74 ± 5.03 e |
| 16.47 | a-Terpineol | 0.05 ± 0.01 c | 0.02 ± 0.00 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 a,b | ND | ND |
| 17.79 | Linalool | 12.56 ± 1.87 b | 5.48 ± 0.43 a | 30.57 ± 0.68 d | 24.42 ± 0.83 c | 7.75 ± 1.01 a |
| 19.08 | 4-Terpinoleol | 7.65 ± 0.65 b | 8.00 ± 0.08 b | ND | 0.09 ± 0.01 a | 15.94 ± 0.89 c |
| 22.00 | Citronellol | 2.30 ± 0.16 a | 4.59 ± 0.23 b | 18.54 ± 1.10 d | 18.31 ± 0.35 d | 10.05 ± 0.09 c |
| 23.70 | Geranyl Acetone | 10.93 ± 3.06 b | 2.37 ± 0.12 a | 3.93 ± 0.67 a | 5.20 ± 1.00 a | 11.22 ± 0.97 b |
| 26.69 | (E)-Nerolidol | 1.10 ± 0.19 a | 1.64 ± 0.16 a | 2.13 ± 0.12 a | 2.01 ± 0.90 a | 2.14 ± 0.33 a |
| 23.95 | β-Damascenone | 2.63 ± 0.17 a | 15.26 ± 0.74 c | 1.51 ± 0.34 a | 9.52 ± 2.90 b | 9.24 ± 1.34 b |
| Lactone | ||||||
| 20.08 | Butyrolactone | 347.12 ± 2.10 a | 521.92 ± 2.14 c | 393.94 ± 9.02 b | 395.24 ± 5.02 b | 631.16 ± 9.85 d |
| Sulfide | ||||||
| 14.69 | 4MMP * | 3.79 ± 0.34 e | 1.46 ± 0.23 b | 1.65 ± 0.12 c | 3.28 ± 0.13 d | 1.05 ± 0.31 a |
| 16.08 | 3-(Methylthio)-Propionaldehyde | 20.65 ± 0.67 a | 23.73 ± 1.31 b | 21.57 ± 0.84 a,b | 21.87 ± 0.22 a,b | 20.32 ± 0.46 a |
| 18.03 | 4MMPol * | 24.21 ± 1.56 e | 21.60 ± 2.04 d | 17.56 ± 1.54 c | 16.50 ± 1.71 b | 14.26 ± 1.12 a |
| 21.15 | 3-(Methylthio)-1-Propanol | 6294.29 ± 2.91 a | 9312.64 ± 2.90 b | 14,386.98 ± 82.00 e | 11,737.56 ± 74.70 d | 9413.23 ± 16.00 c |
| 23.02 | 3MHA * | 266.01 ± 7.12 e | 253.56 ± 2.99 b | 255.73 ± 3.64 c | 519.05 ± 4.51 a | 171.63 ± 0.98 d |
| Furan | ||||||
| 16.43 | Furfural | 486.57 ± 5.00 a | 556.43 ± 3.60 b | 660.63 ± 2.10 d | 620.91 ± 5.18 c | 819.09 ± 7.67 e |
| Acids | ||||||
| 15.77 | Acetic Acid | 32,912.94 ± 4.701 e | 31,904.99 ± 9.70 d | 26,595.79 ± 15.00 b | 15,357.73 ± 4.170 a | 26,864.24 ± 16.49 c |
| 19.35 | Butanoic Acid | 1286.30 ± 8.92 d | 1279.59 ± 6.73 d | 846.21 ± 3.18 c | 741.70 ± 5.68 b | 687.95 ± 2.46 a |
| 26.98 | Octanoic Acid | 2183.02 ± 8.91 e | 806.54 ± 4.32 a | 949.62 ± 3.45 b | 1192.04 ± 2.99 c | 1732.84 ± 3.44 d |
| Pyrazines | ||||||
| 14.86 | IPMP * | 2.56 ± 0.42 a | 1.19 ± 0.18 a | 1.87 ± 0.25 a | 1.38 ± 0.34 a | 3.03 ± 0.15 b |
| 18.28 | IBMP * | 29.77 ± 1.52 a | 29.93 ± 2.15 a | 31.63 ± 2.56 a | 50.71 ± 1.71 b | 61.35 ± 5.11 c |
ND, not detected; values are means ± standard deviations. Different letters in the same row indicate that means significantly differ at p < 0.05. *, ng/L. SLP, TYP, NT, DA and DST are the abbreviations for five young vineyards in the Loess Plateau region.