Table 4.
Prospective associations of plasma total branched chain amino acids with incident type 2 diabetes.
| BCAA Per 1 SD Increment | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|
| Participants, n | 5791 | |
| Incident T2D, n (%) | 276 (4.8) | |
| HR (95% CI) | ||
| Crude Model | 1.68 (1.57–1.81) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 | 1.65 (1.52–1.79) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.63 (1.50–1.77) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 1.64 (1.50–1.79) | <0.001 |
| Model 4 | 1.64 (1.49–1.81) | <0.001 |
| Model 5 | 1.35 (1.20–1.53) | <0.001 |
| Model 6 | 1.19 (1.03–1.37) | 0.01 |
Data are presented as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). FLI, fatty liver index; BCAA, branched-chain amino acids; T2D, type 2 diabetes. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex and family history of type 2 diabetes. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, family history of type 2 diabetes, alcohol intake and current smoking. Model 4: adjusted for age, sex, family history of type 2 diabetes, alcohol intake, current smoking, eGFR, UAE, antihypertensive medication and lipid-lowering drugs. Model 5: adjusted for age, sex, family history of type 2 diabetes, alcohol intake, current smoking, eGFR, UAE, antihypertensive medication, lipid-lowering drugs, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β. Model 6: adjusted for age, sex, family history of type 2 diabetes, alcohol intake, current smoking, eGFR, UAE, antihypertensive medication, lipid-lowering drugs, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and FLI elevated (yes/no).