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. 2019 Mar 22;19(5):4109–4118. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10077

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Copyright: © Zhang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 5. — GDF11 increases ISO-induced oxidative stress by upregulating Nox4 in H9C2 cells. (A) Levels of reactive oxygen species in H9C2 cells determined by DHE staining. (B) Concentration of MDA in H9C2 cells. (C) Representative western blot and quantitative analyses of (D) Nox4 and (E) Nox2 expression in H9C2 cells. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. control group; ^#P<0.05 vs. ISO group. DHE, dihydroethidium; rGDF11, recombinant growth differentiation factor 11; ISO, isoproterenol; MDA, malondialdehyde; Nox, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase.