Table 2.
Psoriasis microbiome. ↑ increased. > higher than.
| Study | Sample (n) | Method | Psoriasis | Healthy Skin | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gao et al., 2008 [153] | Skin swabs (six psoriatic patients) |
broad range PCR | ↑ diversity ↑ Firmicutes |
↑ Actinobacteria ↑ Proteobacteria |
Healthy controls taken from previous study [158]. |
| Alekseyenko et al., 2013 [154] | Skin swabs (54 psoriasis patients, 37 controls) |
High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing | ↑ Actinobacteria/Firmicutes ↑ Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus↑ Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus |
↑ Proteobacteria | OTUs Acidobacteria and Schlegella were strongly associated with psoriasis status. Samples were site-matched. |
| Fahlen et al., 2012 [151] | Skin biopsies (10 psoriasis patients, 10 healthy controls) |
Pyrosequencing targeting the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene | Streptococcus > Staphylococcus ↑ Proteobacteria (trunk skin) ↑Propionibacteria/Staph. (limb skin) |
↑ Actinobacteria | Included dermis and adnexal structures. Bacterial diversity was increased in the control group (unmatched sites), but not statistically significant. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria predominant in healthy and psoriatic skin. |
| Takemoto et al., 2015 [156] | Psoriatic scale samples (12 psoriatic patients, 12 healthy controls) | Pyrosequencing for fungal rRNAgene sequences | ↑ fungal diversity ↓ Malassezia |
↑ Malassezia | Fungal microbiome study Malassezia were the most abundant species in psoriatic and healthy skin. |