Table 1.
Changes in gene expression, protein levels and secretion behaviour.
| mRNA Levels [% of 1 g Control] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gene | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sample | ACTB | BMP2 | COL1A1 | FN1 | SPP1 | LAMA1 | MKI67 | SOX9 | TGFB1 | TUBB | VIM | ||||||||
| 7 days | 1 g | 100.0 ± 11.0 |
100.0 ± 6.7 |
100.0 ± 24.3 |
100.0 ± 10.8 |
100.0 ± 14.8 |
100.0 ± 3.6 |
100.0 ± 20.6 |
100.0 ± 20.8 |
100.0 ± 12.1 |
100.0 ± 15.1 |
100.0 ± 7.2 |
|||||||
| AD |
▲181.2
± 2.9 |
▼45.6
± 9.7 |
124.0 ± 6.0 |
▲127.8
± 6.2 |
▲1094.0
± 89.0 |
▲197.3
± 18.4 |
111.4 ± 10.3 |
▲160.1
± 10.1 |
123.2 ± 3.5 |
▲297.4
± 27.8 |
▲162.3
± 8.5 |
||||||||
| MCS |
▲154.7
± 19.7 |
▲207.2
± 69.9 |
112.6 ± 41.7 |
218.5 ± 73.9 |
▲1719.2
± 709.5 |
▲244.4
± 67.0 |
89.0 ± 35.9 |
140.1 ± 51.6 |
147.1 ± 32.3 |
▲236.2
± 74.5 |
▲166.7
± 38.5 |
||||||||
| 14 days | 1 g | 100.0 ± 8.6 |
100.0 ± 32.1 |
100.0 ± 8.6 |
100.0 ± 3.6 |
100.0 ± 3.4 |
100.0 ± 11.5 |
100.0 ± 9.6 |
100.0 ± 8.1 |
100.0 ± 3.8 |
100.0 ± 11.3 |
100.0 ± 11.1 |
|||||||
| AD | 113.1 ± 25.8 |
▼28.8
± 6.5 |
▲234.0
± 5.3 |
▲119.8
± 2.7 |
▲813.4
± 22.2 |
127.9 ± 8.1 |
132.1 ± 9.5 |
▲151.2
± 5.9 |
▲133.8
± 4.0 |
▲125.7
± 4.8 |
▼76.1
± 3.5 |
||||||||
| MCS | 225.2 ± 61.7 |
100.1 ± 43.8 |
225.7 ± 11.4 |
107.7 ± 7.0 |
1098.2 ± 11.3 |
148.9 ± 17.6 |
109.7 ± 5.8 |
108.0 ± 4.3 |
87.7 ± 0.7 |
67.3 ± 2.7 |
72.1 ± 1.7 |
||||||||
| Intracellular Protein Levels [% of 1 g Control] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Protein | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sample | β-actin | BMP2 | Col 1 | FN | OPN | laminin | Ki-67 | SOX9 | TGF-β1 | β-tubulin | vimentin | ||||||||
| 7 days | 1 g | 100.0 ± 7.5 |
100.0 ± 13.6 |
100.0 ± 10.4 |
100.0 ± 18.8 |
100.0 ± 16.6 |
100.0 ± 13.2 |
100.0 ± 14.8 |
100.0 ± 27.3 |
100.0 ± 20.1 |
100.0 ± 8.2 |
100.0 ± 6.9 |
|||||||
| AD | 105.8 ± 12.9 |
86.5 ± 5.4 |
91.4 ± 5.2 |
139.2 ± 19.2 |
▲154.4
± 13.2 |
110.7 ± 11.1 |
107.8 ± 9.1 |
75.3 ± 17.0 |
▲312.1
± 41.4 |
▼59.7
± 23.9 |
107.4 ± 29.3 |
||||||||
| MCS | 83.2 ± 10.4 |
▼55.7
± 3.2 |
▼68.8
± 1.1 |
▲186.9
± 19.1 |
▼19.4
± 7.5 |
▼72.1
± 7.7 |
▼67.5
± 6.5 |
80.9 ± 3.7 |
▲345.9
± 30.4 |
▼44.3
± 5.6 |
▼21.5
± 6.3 |
||||||||
| 14 days | 1 g | 100.0 ± 13.1 |
100.0 ± 8.8 |
100.0 ± 9.8 |
100.0 ± 13.2 |
100.0 ± 24.6 |
100.0 ± 7.6 |
100.0 ± 7.5 |
100.0 ± 9.6 |
100.0 ± 27.3 |
100.0 ± 11.3 |
100.0 ± 19.2 |
|||||||
| AD | 84.8 ± 8.0 |
▲196.9
± 13.6 |
▲148.1
± 11.1 |
▲146.9
± 18.0 |
▲2852.2
± 964.4 |
83.5 ± 7.6 |
▼75.3
± 12.0 |
79.6 ± 10.8 |
▼15.5
± 2.4 |
▲188.8
± 18.0 |
69.3 ± 4.3 |
||||||||
| MCS | 103.9 ± 11.7 |
▼16.9
± 1.0 |
▼25.5
± 2.1 |
91.0
± 34.3 |
▼14.8
± 17.3 |
▲266.4
± 44.4 |
▲300.8
± 15.9 |
▲125.4
± 12.8 |
39.8 ± 26.0 |
▼35.7
± 3.8 |
▼1.6
± 0.8 |
||||||||
| Protein Secretion [% of 1 g Control] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Protein | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sample | DKK1 | IL-1β | OC | OPG | OPN | SOST | TNF-α | ||||||||||||
| 7 days | 1 g | 100.0 ± 1.4 |
100.0 ± 13.0 |
100.0 ± 32.6 |
100.0 ± 15.3 |
100.0 ± 14.7 |
100.0 ± 7.8 |
100.0 ± 8.7 |
|||||||||||
| RPM | 98.8 ± 2.5 |
▼34.8
± 5.7 |
112.0 ± 47.8 |
▼42.6
± 19.0 |
▲206.7
± 38.1 |
▼49.4
± 16.9 |
▼46.2
± 12.2 |
||||||||||||
| 14 days | 1 g | 100.0 ± 6.6 |
100.0 ± 11.2 |
100.0 ± 24.9 |
100.0 ± 26.2 |
100.0 ± 14.8 |
100.0 ± 32.6 |
100.0 ± 7.5 |
|||||||||||
| RPM | 102.1 ± 6.0 |
125.6 ± 13.5 |
▲148.9
± 28.0 |
▲154.1
± 22.5 |
▲579.2
± 20.8 |
74.4 ± 21.4 |
96.0 ± 11.0 |
||||||||||||
▲ significant increase/up-regulation (p < 0.05); ▼ significant decrease/down-regulation (p < 0.05).