Table 1.

Nano-strategies to target CAF and remodel the TME in preclinical models of breast cancer.

Nanoparticle	Payload	Effect on	Breast Cancer Model	Antitumor Effect	Ref.
Z@FRT-scFv	ZnF16Pc	FAP + CAF	Orthotopic 4T1 tumor	CAF eradication by PDT	[42,43]
CAP-NP	PTX (or other hydrophobic drugs)	FAP + CAF and surrounding cells	MCF-7 xenograft	Enhanced local drug accumulation	[44]
C16-N/losartan hydrogel	Losartan	Angiotensin	E0771 and 4T1 mouse models	CAF inhibition + ECM remodeling	[45,46]
DOX-HPEG-PH20-NP	rHuPH20 + DOX	Hyaluronic acid + cancer cells	4T1 syngeneic breast tumor	ECM remodeling + chemotherapy	[47]
PTX-SNPs	Sulfatide + PTX	Tenascin-C + cancer cells	Murine breast cancer EMT6	Enhanced chemotherapy	[48]
1-NP	Laminin-mimic peptide 1	TME	MDA-MB-231 tumor model	Reduced metastases by artificial ECM formation	[49]
HNP liposomes	Marimastat + HA-PTX prodrug	MMP + CD44+ cancer cells	orthotopic 4T1 tumor	ECM remodeling + chemotherapy	[50]
BCPN	OXA prodrug + NLG919	IDO-1 + cancer cells	orthotopic 4T1 tumor	Immunotherapy + chemotherapy	[51]
DOX/IND-liposome	Indoximod + DOX	IDO-1 + cancer cells	orthotopic 4T1 tumor model	Immunotherapy + chemotherapy	[52]
HA-DOX/PHIS/R848	Resiquimod + DOX	DC + CD44+ cancer cells	4T1 tumor-bearing mice	Immunotherapy + chemotherapy	[53]
PLGA NP	Tumor antigens	DC	Tumor and blood samples from breast cancer patients	Immune-stimulation	[54]
LPD	Plasmid encoding IL-10 trap	TME	Orthotopic 4T1 triple-negative model	Immunotherapy	[55]