Figure 1.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released from A498 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells incubated for 1 h with curcumin (0–0.4 µg/mL) and irradiated with 5500 lx visible light for 5 min (grey) or kept light protected (black). Twenty-four hours later, cell supernatants were prepared. Each column represents the mean ± S.D. of a representative experiment done in triplicate. Cells treated with 1% Triton X-100 served as a positive control.