Table 1.
Nutritional composition of casein glycomacropeptide supplemented with rate-limiting amino acids (CGMP-AA) compared with the conventional Phe-free l-AAs used in the study.
| CGMP-AA 20 g PE |
l-AA Protein Substitutes 20 g PE | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrients | Units | CGMP-AA 1 sachet 35 g Powder Flavoured |
PKU Cooler 20 1 pouch = 174 mL |
LQ Lophlex 20 1 pouch = 125 mL |
XP Maxamum 1 × 50 g sachet Powder Unflavoured |
First spoon 50 g powder Unflavoured |
PKU Express 1 × 34 g sachet Powder Flavoured |
| Calories | Kcal | 120 | 130 | 120 | 149 | 164 | 101 |
| Protein equivalent | G | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19.5 | 20 | 20 |
| Total carbohydrate | G | 6.3 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 17 | 19.2 | 4.7 |
| Sugars | G | 2.2 | 5.9 | 8.8 | 1.6 | 12.8 | 0.3 |
| Total fat | G | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.44 | <0.25 | 0.6 | 0.07 |
| DHA | Mg | 110 | 134 | 150 | 0 | 104 | 0 |
| AA | Mg | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salt | G | 0.55 | 0.26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 |
| Vitamin A | µg RE | 259 | 261 | 285 | 355 | 600 | 283 |
| Vitamin D | µg | 5.0 | 10 | 8 | 3.9 | 13.2 | 4.5 |
| Vitamin E | mg αTE | 5.30 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 7.1 | 5.3 |
| Vitamin C | Mg | 26 | 37 | 17.8 | 90 | 75 | 36.7 |
| Vitamin K | µg | 23 | 24 | 24.9 | 35 | 57 | 34 |
| Thiamine | Mg | 0.60 | 0.7 | 0.43 | 0.7 | 0.75 | 0.68 |
| Riboflavin | Mg | 0.60 | 0.77 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.75 | 0.78 |
| Niacin | Mg | 3.20 | 3.5 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 3.4 | 8.4 |
| Vitamin B6 | Mg | 0.60 | 0.87 | 0.58 | 1.1 | 0.75 | 1 |
| Folic Acid | µg | 102 | 101 | 120 | 250 | 84 | 136 |
| Vitamin B12 | µg | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.6 |
| Biotin | µg | 13 | 13 | 53.4 | 70 | 27.8 | 63.9 |
| Pantothenic acid | Mg | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 2.7 |
| Choline | Mg | 204 | 200 | 153 | 161 | 139 | 204 |
| Sodium | Mmol | 12 | 4.5 | <10 | 12.1 | 9.1 | 7.5 |
| Potassium | Mmol | 5.9 | 6.1 | <25 | 9 | 13.5 | 8 |
| Chloride | Mmol | 0.20 | 3.9 | <25 | 7.9 | 9 | 6.9 |
| Calcium | Mg | 399 | 400 | 356 | 335 | 626 | 407 |
| Phosphorus | Mmol | 13 | 11 | 8.9 | 10.8 | 14.8 | 11.4 |
| Magnesium | Mg | 115 | 110 | 107 | 143 | 88 | 128 |
| Iron | Mg | 7.4 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 7.3 |
| Copper | Mg | 0.60 | 0.73 | 0.53 | 0.7 | 0.63 | 0.75 |
| Zinc | Mg | 7.4 | 5.6 | 3.9 | 6.8 | 8.8 | 7.3 |
| Manganese | Mg | 0.40 | 0.5 | 0.53 | 1.1 | 0.65 | 1.1 |
| Iodine | µg | 84 | 85 | 58.4 | 53.3 | 127 | 85.7 |
| Molybdenum | µg | 20 | 23 | 25 | 53.5 | 18.4 | 49 |
| Selenium | µg | 30 | 26 | 26.8 | 25 | 23.8 | 29.9 |
| Chromium | µg | 12 | 14 | 10.6 | 25 | 21 | 29.9 |
| Amino acid profile | |||||||
| l-Alanine | G | 0.83 | 0.92 | 1.16 | 0.85 | 0.95 | 0.87 |
| l-Arginine | G | 0.96 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.6 | 1.65 | 1.41 |
| l-Aspartic acid | G | 1.31 | 2.37 | 1.75 | 1.5 | 1.55 | 2.23 |
| l-Cystine | G | 0.24 | 0.61 | 0.51 | 0.6 | 0.62 | 0.57 |
| l-Glutamine | G | 2.70 | 0 | 2.6 | 0 | 1.73 | |
| Glycine | G | 0.71 | 2.35 | 1.88 | 1.5 | 1.47 | 2.22 |
| l-Histidine | G | 0.70 | 0.92 | 0.79 | 0.9 | 0.95 | 0.87 |
| l-Isoleucine | G | 1.42 | 1.62 | 1.24 | 1.4 | 1.47 | 1.52 |
| l-Leucine | G | 3.02 | 2.54 | 2.13 | 2.4 | 2.48 | 2.39 |
| l-Lysine | G | 0.95 | 1.67 | 1.63 | 1.9 | 1.71 | 1.58 |
| l-Methionine | G | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.34 | 0.4 | 0.39 | 0.42 |
| l-Phenylalanine | G | 0.036 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| l-Proline | G | 1.60 | 1.69 | 2 | 1.7 | 1.79 | 1.59 |
| l-Serine | G | 1.01 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.1 | 1.09 | 0.99 |
| l-Threonine | G | 2.29 | 1.62 | 1.04 | 1.2 | 1.23 | 1.54 |
| l-Tryptophan | G | 0.40 | 0.5 | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
| l-Tyrosine | G | 2.25 | 2.38 | 1.88 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.24 |
| l-Valine | G | 1.14 | 1.86 | 1.38 | 1.6 | 1.58 | 1.76 |
Abbreviations: PE: Protein equivalent; Phe: Phenylalanine; CGMP-AA: casein glycomacropeptide supplemented with limiting amino acids; l-AA: l-amino acid (protein substitute based on 20 g PE); DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid; AA: Arachidonic acid.