Table 3.
Presentation of children with invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections by serovar in the 38 children whose isolates were serotyped
| Characteristic | All serovars | Salmonella Enteritidis | Salmonella Java | Other NTS serovars | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 38 | 17 | 9 | 12 | – |
| Presenting symptoms | |||||
| Time between onset and admission, days, median (IQR) | 2 (2–5) | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–8) | 2 (1–4) | 0.1 |
| Fever | 34 (89) | 16 (94) | 7 (78) | 11 (92) | 0.4 |
| Poor appetite | 26 (68) | 12 (71) | 5 (56) | 9 (75) | 0.7 |
| Lethargy or irritability | 23 (61) | 9 (53) | 5 (56) | 9 (75) | 0.5 |
| Cough | 20 (53) | 13 (77) | 3 (33) | 4 (33) | 0.03 |
| URTI symptoms | 17 (45) | 10 (59) | 3 (33) | 4 (33) | 0.4 |
| Diarrhea | 15 (40) | 4 (24) | 6 (67) | 5 (42) | 0.1 |
| Vomiting | 5 (13) | 1 (6) | 2 (22) | 2 (17) | 0.5 |
| Presenting signs | |||||
| Signs of respiratory distress | 26 (68) | 15 (88) | 4 (44) | 7 (58) | 0.05 |
| Tachycardia for age | 24 (63) | 13 (77) | 6 (67) | 5 (42) | 0.2 |
| Tachypnoea for age | 20 (53) | 13 (77) | 5 (56) | 2 (17) | 0.007 |
| Signs of dehydration | 15 (40) | 4 (24) | 5 (56) | 6 (50) | 0.2 |
| Abnormal lung findingsa | 13 (34) | 9 (53) | 1 (11) | 3 (25) | 0.1 |
| Hepatomegaly | 9 (24) | 7 (41) | 0 (0) | 2 (17) | 0.08 |
| Pallor | 7 (18) | 4 (24) | 1 (11) | 2 (17) | 0.9 |
| Poor perfusion | 6 (16) | 3 (18) | 2 (22) | 1 (8) | 0.7 |
| Splenomegaly | 2 (5) | 2 (12) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.5 |
| Investigationsb | |||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL, median (IQR) | 11.4 (10.1–12.2) | 11.5 (10.4–12.2) | 11.4 (10.2–14.0) | 10.5 (9.4–12.7) | 0.5 |
| WBC, X 109 cells/L, median (IQR) | 13.3 (9.7–18.3) | 13.3 (9.5–17.6) | 17.2 (10.3–20.3) | 13.2 (8.5–17.6) | 0.5 |
| Neut, X 109 cells/L, median (IQR) | 5.7 (4.2–13.5) | 5.7 (3.6–9.1) | 6.4 (4.8–15.2) | 6.2 (4.2–14.3) | 0.7 |
| Lymph, X 109 cells/L, median (IQR) | 5.4 (3.8–7.5) | 5.8 (4.7–9.3) | 5.8 (3.8–10.7) | 4.4 (2.7–6.9) | 0.3 |
| Platelet, X 109/L, median (IQR) | 343 (251–463) | 362 (185–459) | 462 (313–492) | 347 (238–487) | 0.4 |
| ESR, mm/hr., median (IQR) | 32 (10–48) | 32 (10–41) | 50 (24–75) | 23 (6–61) | 0.6 |
| Sodium, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 136 (133–138) | 137 (135–139) | 134 (129–137) | 135 (133–137) | 0.1 |
| Urea, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 3.1 (2.3–4.3) | 2.7 (2.3–3.6) | 3.5 (2.8–7.3) | 3.4 (2.3–5.1) | 0.4 |
| Albumin, g/L, median (IQR) | 38 (35–44) | 36 (34–44) | 45 (43–46) | 41 (34–46) | 0.3 |
| AST, U/L, median (IQR) | 51 (40–108) | 49 (40–244) | 98 (88–108) | 48 (34–58) | 0.4 |
| ALT, U/L median (IQR) | 22 (16–90) | 22 (16–82) | 97 (85–109) | 19 (15–94) | 0.4 |
Data are No. (%) unless otherwise indicated
a All children with abnormal lung examination had bilateral findings: 6 had both rhonchi and crepitation, 6 only rhonchi and 1 only crepitation
bOnly investigations done on the day of admission were included: 37 children had Hemoglobin, WBC, Platelet (Enteritidis, n = 17; Java, n = 8; Other serovars, n = 12); 27 children had differential counts (Enteritidis, n = 12; Java, n = 7; Other serovars, n = 8); 13 children had ESR (Enteritidis, n = 7; Java, n = 2; Other serovars, n = 4); 37 children had Sodium, Urea (Enteritidis, n = 17; Java, n = 9; Other serovars, n = 11); 15 children had Albumin, AST, ALT (Enteritidis, n = 9; Java, n = 2; Other serovars, n = 4)
Abbreviations: IQR interquartile range, URTI upper respiratory tract infection, WBC white blood cell count, Neut neutrophil count, Lymph lymphocyte count, ESR erythrocyte sedimentary rate, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase