Table 2.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of Shigella species in diarrheic pediatric population attended at selected Gondar town healthcare institutions, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018, n = 272
| Variables | Categories | Results of Shigella species | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive (%) | Negative (%) | COR(95%CI) | AOR (95%Cl) | P-value | ||
| Sex | Male | 18(11.9%) | 133(88.1%) | 1.35(0.61–2.98) | – | |
| Female | 11(9.1%) | 110(90.9%) | 1 | – | ||
| Age | ≤5 years | 22(12.2%) | 159(87.8%) | 1.66(0.68–4.04) | – | |
| > 5 years | 7(7.7%) | 84(92.3%) | 1 | – | ||
| Breast feeding | Yes | 14(12.4%) | 99(87.6%) | 1 | – | |
| No | 15(9.4%) | 144(90.6%) | 0.74(0.3401.59) | – | ||
| Residence | Urban | 25(10.0%) | 226(90.0%) | 1 | – | |
| Rural | 4(19.0%) | 17(81.0%) | 2.13(0.66–6.82) | 1.43 (0.35–5.89) | 0.622 | |
| Income (family) | < 500 | 4(19.0%) | 17(81.0%) | 2.80(0.83–9.45) | 2.69 (0.62–11.63) | 0.186 |
| 500–1000 | 9(13.4%) | 58(86.6%) | 1.56(0.66–3.75) | – | ||
| > 1000 | 16(8.7%) | 168(91.3%) | 1 | – | ||
| Educational (family) | Illiterate | 15(25.4%) | 44(74.6%) | 5.11 (1.74–15.03) | 3.49 (1.01–12.04) | 0.047 |
| Only read and write | 1(3.1%) | 31(96.9%) | 0.48 (0.05–4.31) | – | ||
| Primary school | 6(11.1%) | 48(88.9%) | 1.87 (0.54–6.48) | – | ||
| Secondary school | 2(4.3%) | 45(95.7%) | 0.67(0.12–3.58) | – | ||
| College and university | 5(6.2%) | 75(93.8%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Water source | Unprotected well water | 2 (18.2%) | 9 (81.8%) | 1.94 (0.40–9.47) | – | |
| Surface water | 2(11.1%) | 16(88.9%) | 1.09 (0.24–5.02) | – | ||
| Piped tap water | 25(10.3%) | 218(89.7%) | 1 | – | ||
| Domestic animals | Yes | 8(14.3%) | 48 (85.7%) | 1.55(0.65–3.71) | – | |
| No | 21(9.7%) | 195 (90.3%) | 1 | – | ||
| Raw food | Yes | 21 (18.4%) | 93 (81.6%) | 4.23 (1.80–9.95) | 3.66 (1.45–9.24) | 0.006 |
| No | 8(5.1%) | 150(94.9%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Toilet | Open defecation | 14 (20.9%) | 53 (79.1%) | 3.35 (1.52–7.37) | 1.88 (0.73–4.84) | 0.192 |
| Latrine usage | 15(7.3%) | 190 (92.7%) | 1 | – | ||
| Hand Washing | Before preparing food | 13 (12.3%) | 93 (87.7%) | 1.94 (0.66–5.68) | 1.45 (0.44–4.73) | 0.541 |
| After defecating child | 6 (12.2%) | 43 (87.8%) | 1.95 (0.56–6.79) | 1.50 (0.36–6.19) | 0.579 | |
| After toilet use | 5 (11.9%) | 37 (88.1%) | 1.94 (0.53–7.16) | – | ||
| After cleaning anything | 5 (6.7%) | 70 (93.3%) | 1 | – | ||
| Nutritional status | Normal | 24(9.3%) | 235 (90.7%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Malnourished | 5(38.5%) | 8 (61.5%) | 6.12 (1.85–20.19) | 5.56 (1.42–21.76) | 0.014 | |
COR Crude Odds Ratio, AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio