Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and a main pulmonary artery to aorta diameter ratio ≤ 1 and > 1
| Clinical factors | mPA/Ao ratio | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤1 (n = 272) | > 1 (n = 31) | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Age, years | 67.9 ± 9.1 | 60.4 ± 10.0 | 0.92 | 0.89–0.96 | < 0.001 | |||
| Sex, male | 215 (79.0%) | 19 (61.3%) | 2.38 | 1.09–5.19 | 0.029 | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 (median, IQR) | 22.7 (20.2–24.9) | 22.5 (19.1–26.2) | 1.01 | 0.91–1.12 | 0.848 | |||
| Ever-smoker | 194 (71.9%) | 17 (54.8%) | 0.48 | 0.22–1.01 | 0.054 | |||
| Underlying disease | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 94 (34.6%) | 6 (19.4%) | 0.45 | 0.18–1.15 | 0.095 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 82 (30.1%) | 6 (19.4%) | 0.56 | 0.22–1.41 | 0.215 | |||
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 41 (15.1%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0.39 | 0.09–1.69 | 0.208 | |||
| Emphysema | 37 (13.7%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0.44 | 0.10–1.91 | 0.270 | |||
| Ischemic heart disease | 28 (10.3%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.29 | 0.04–2.21 | 0.233 | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 10 (3.7%) | 0 (0%) | ||||||
| GAP score | 3.11 ± 1.24 | 3.75 ± 1.26 | 1.57 | 1.08–2.27 | 0.018 | 1.53 | 0.69–3.40 | 0.298 |
| 6 MW distance, m (median, IQR) | 410.0 (322.5–480.0) | 232.5 (95.0–555.8) | 0.99 | 0.99–1.00. | 0.032 | 0.99 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.190 |
| PFT at diagnosis | ||||||||
| FVC, % predicted, (median, IQR) | 75.0 (61.0–86.3) | 55.0 (44.5–72.0) | 0.95 | 0.93–0.98 | < 0.001 | |||
| FEV1, % predicted, (median, IQR) | 89.5 (73.0–100.0) | 64.0 (51.5–81.0) | 0.96 | 0.95–0.98 | < 0.001 | 1.07 | 0.99–0.15 | 0.074 |
| DLCO, % | 70.9 ± 23.8 | 48.4 ± 23.1 | 0.96 | 0.94–0.98 | < 0.001 | |||
| Echocardiography | ||||||||
| EF, %, (median, IQR) | 65.0 (61.0–69.0) | 67.0 (64.0–71.0) | 1.08 | 1.01–1.14 | 0.022 | 1.09 | 0.93–1.27 | 0.285 |
| RVP, mmHg, (median, IQR) | 37.0 (27.8–46.0) | 43.0 (33.0–52.5) | 1.03 | 1.01–1.06 | 0.014 | 1.04 | 0.99–1.10 | 0.113 |
| Chest CT | ||||||||
| mPA diameter, mm, (median, IQR) | 27.6 (25.8–29.8) | 32.9 (29.8–35.1) | 1.38 | 1.23–1.54 | < 0.001 | |||
| Ascending Ao diameter, mm, (median, IQR) | 34.5 (32.0–36.9) | 29.8 (27.7–32.8) | 0.71 | 0.62–0.80 | < 0.001 | |||
The data are presented as the number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. 6MWD, 6-min walking distance
Ao aorta, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, DLCO diffusing capacity, EF ejection fraction, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, IQR interquartile range, mPA main pulmonary artery, OR odds ratio, PFT pulmonary function tests, RVP right ventricular pressure