Table 2.
Sample characteristics for the HUNT2 sample. The HUNT Study 1995–1997 (HUNT2) and 2006–2008 (HUNT3)
| HUNT2 | All participants | HUNT3 | HUNT3 | HUNT3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Frequent drinking:alcohol consumption ≥ 4 days/week)a | Prescribed drugs with addiction potentialb | Possible combination of frequent drinking (alcohol consumption ≥ 4 days/week) and being prescribed drugs with addiction potentialb | ||
| Overall | N (%) | 10,656 (100) | 323 (3.0) | 3444 (32.3) | 107 (1.0) |
| Gender | |||||
| Women | N (%) | 5683 (53.3) | 114 (35.3)d*** | 2325 (67.5)e*** | 51 (47.7)fNS |
| Age | |||||
| 53–59 years | N (%) | 4318 (40.5) | 134 (41.5)d** | 1096 (31.8)e*** | 48 (44.9)fNS |
| 60–64 years | N (%) | 2677 (25.1) | 93 (28.8) | 838 (24.3) | 21 (19.6) |
| 65 + | N (%) | 3661 (34.4) | 96 (29.7) | 1510 (43.8) | 38 (35.5) |
| Level of educationc | |||||
| Up to ten years education | N (%) | 8421 (83.1) | 166 (52.4)d*** | 2800 (86.3)e*** | 61 (59.2)f*** |
| Vocational and general education | N (%) | 255 (2.5) | 23 (7.2) | 73 (2.3) | 6 (5.8) |
| College and university | N (%) | 1454 (14.4) | 128 (40.4) | 371 (11.4) | 36 (35.0) |
| Living in | |||||
| Rural areas | N (%) | 4141 (38.9) | 79 (24.5) d*** | 1414 (41.1)e*** | 31 (29.0)fNS |
| Urban areas | N (%) | 6515 (61.1) | 244 (75.5) | 2030 (58.9) | 76 (71.0) |
| Marital statusc | |||||
| No living spouse or partner | N (%) | 2223 (20.9) | 53 (16.4)d* | 828 (24.1)e*** | 26 (24.3)fNS |
| Living spouse or partner | N (%) | 8420 (79.1) | 270 (83.6) | 2611 (75.9) | 81 (75.7) |
| Smoking statusc | |||||
| Never smoked daily | N (%) | 4607 (43.6) | 81 (25.2)d*** | 1425 (41.9)e*** | 26 (24.5)f*** |
| Former daily smoker | N (%) | 3772 (35.7) | 162 (50.3) | 1141 (33.6) | 50 (47.2) |
| Daily smoker | N (%) | 2177 (20.7) | 79 (24.5) | 832 (24.5) | 30 (28.3) |
| Overall health statusc | |||||
| Poor/not quite good | N (%) | 3624 (34.3) | 84 (26.2)d** | 1580 (46.2)e*** | 43 (40.2)fNS |
| Good/very good | N (%) | 6940 (65.7) | 237 (73.8) | 1838 (53.8) | 64 (59.8) |
| Hospitalized during the last 5 yearsc | N (%) | 3051 (33.2) | 92 (32.4)dNS | 1144 (38.5)e*** | 36 (38.3)fNS |
| HADS anxiety score ≥ 8c | N (%) | 1091 (12.9) | 30 (10.8)dNS | 542 (20.8)e*** | 15 (17.4)fNS |
| HADS depression score ≥ 8c | N (%) | 1166 (12.1) | 29 (9.6)dNS | 494 (16.0)e*** | 13 (13.3)fNS |
| Life satisfactionc | |||||
| Dissatisfied/neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | N (%) | 1586 (15.1) | 39 (12.3)dNS | 668 (19.7)e*** | 15 (14.4)fNS |
| Satisfied | N (%) | 8904 (84.9) | 277 (87.7) | 2716 (80.3) | 89 (85.6) |
HADS Hospital Anxiety Depression scale, NS non-significant
aSelf-reported alcohol consumption assessed among participants in HUNT3
bInformation about prescribed drugs with addiction potential among participants in HUNT3 (2006–2008) was drawn from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Drugs with addiction potential were defined as at least one prescription of benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics or opioids in two consecutive years (2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2007/2008 or 2008/2009). Benzodiazepines defined by N03AE, N05BA and N05CD. Z-hypnotics defined by N05CF. Opioids defined by N02A
cNumber do not sum up to 10,656 because of missing information
dSignificance testing with Chi-square test between no frequent drinking (alcohol consumption < 4 days/week) and frequent drinking (alcohol consumption ≥4 days/week) (HUNT3)
eSignificance testing with Chi-square test between no prescribed drugs with addiction potential and prescribed drugs with addiction potential (HUNT3)
fSignificance testing with Chi-square test between “no possible combination of frequent drinking (alcohol consumption ≥ 4 days/week) and being prescribed drugs with addiction potential” and “possible combination of frequent drinking (alcohol consumption ≥ 4 days/week) and being prescribed drugs with addiction potential” (HUNT3)
*P < 0.05
**P < 0.01
***P < 0.001