Table 4.
Carbon footprint of the production of 1 kg packaged breastmilk substitute (BMS) at the factory gate (CFPProd). The footprint is expressed in kg CO2 equivalents (GWP100) and uncertainties in the estimates are expressed as ±the standard deviation of the Monte Carlo simulation results.
| Production country | Raw milk | Vegetable oils | Processing | Packaging | Transport | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Zealand | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 0.52 ± 0.07 | 0.72 ± 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.57 | 9.2 ± 1.4 |
| United States | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 0.46 ± 0.11 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.26 | 0.55 | 7.1 ± 1.0 |
| Brazil | 8.9 ± 1.8 | 0.54 ± 0.11 | 0.65 ± 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.57 | 11 ± 2 |
| France | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.56 | 8.4 ± 1.3 |