Ap-1 and Chop are induced by Ang II in vivo and in vitro. (A) Immunofluorescence staining with c-Jun/Ap-1 (red) expression and localization in the aortas of Ang II-induced AAA mice and normal aortas. α-SMA, green; DAPI, blue. Magnifications, ×200 and 400. (B) Western blotting exhibiting Chop expression in normal aortas (control) and Ang II-induced AAA in ApoE−/− mice. β-Actin was used as an internal control. (C) Western blotting demonstrated that c-Jun/Ap-1 and Chop protein levels in MOVAS cells were induced in a dose dependent manner by varying concentrations (0, 1, 10, 20 and 50 nM) of Ang II for 36 h. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrating (D) c-Jun/Ap-1 (red) and (E) Chop (red) expression and localization in MOVAS cells induced (or not) by Ang II (20 nM) for 36 h. α-SMA (green), DAPI (blue). Magnification, ×400. Results are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean; n=3. #P<0.05, *P<0.05, ##P<0.01, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. Control (0 nM). Ap-1, activator protein 1; Chop, C/EBP homologous protein; Ang II, angiotensin II; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm; ApoE−/−, apolipoprotein E-deficient.