Appendix 1.

Adjustments to traditional CBT.

The cognitive components have to be adapted to individuals cognitive/language level and language style

The therapy has to be individualised

More structured and greater use of directive strategies

Longer treatment sessions and longer duration of therapy than with other patient groups

Increased time spent on emotional education and stress management

Use of the individuals’ special interests as a starting point

Increased use of visual strategies

The use of drawings or cartoons to aid visualisation of concepts/make them more concrete

Provision of specific social training

Involvement of parents and other caregivers

Psychoeducation about ASD generally is often needed

Help to organise many other aspects of the patients’ lives, including housing, employment, social contacts, and leisure activities without the use of drugs