Fig. 2.

Results. In the top row, mean response error (reported orientation – sample orientation) is shown as a function of the difference between the current-trial and previous-trial orientations in (a) Experiment 1 and (b) Experiment 2. Error bars represent ±1 SE. The curves show the best-fitting first derivative-of-Gaussian function, which was used to quantify the amplitude of the serial-dependence effect (indicated by the area labeled “Amplitude”). Mean accuracy for decoding the previous-trial orientation from the current-trial scalp topography is shown for (c) Experiment 1 and (d) Experiment 2. Orange shading represents ±1 SE. Gray areas indicate clusters of time points that produced above-chance decoding after correction for multiple comparisons.