Fig. 3.

Learning rates in Experiment 1. Predictions of the reinforcement-learning model (a) are shown for each condition (adversarial, benevolent, neutral) and outcome valence (positive, negative). In (b), predictions of the reinforcement-learning model are shown after the learning rates for the neutral condition (which serves as a participant-specific baseline) was subtracted from the other conditions. Relative learning rates from the Bayesian model (c) are shown for the adversarial and benevolent conditions, averaged across trials. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean.