Table 4.
Summarizes the performance of aquaporin biomimetic membranes based on their two designs.
| Membrane Design | Protein Housing | Fabrication Techniques | Membrane Performance | Limitations | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vesicles embedding | Synthetic lipids | Electrokinetic force, pressure force, magnetic adsorption | 3.6–55.2 LMH * 20%–97.8 ± 0.7% salt rejection |
Small membrane size, harsh coating conditions, defects in large area membrane | [16,199,202,203] |
| Synthetic polymers | Adsorption chemical bonding, pressure assisted coating | 16.4–22.6 LMH 61%–90% salt rejection |
No uniform surface coating, low water desalination property shows high defects in coating | [204,205,206] | |
| Planar bilayer | Synthetic lipids | Chemical bonding, vesicles fusion via electrostatic interactions | 5.5–6.31 LMH 61%–90% salt rejection |
Incomplete surface coating, unstable under high pressure, low performance | [195,196] |
| Synthetic polymers | Vesicles rupturing with disulfide-gold conjugation | 8.2 LMH/bar 45.1% salt rejection |
Low water purification, incomplete surface coating | [207] |
* It is water permeability (LMH= Liter per meter square per hour).