Table 2.
Emerging therapies in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
| Drug | Mechanism of action | Number of patients | Type of MS | Outcome | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biotin[38,39] | Activation of acetyl coA carboxylase: Myelin synthesis | n=154 (100 mg) | SPMS and PPMS | Positive | Larger trial SPI2 (NCT02936037) awaited |
| Lipoic acid[40] | Anti-inflammatory | n=51 (1200 mg) | SPMS | Positive | Larger trial (NCT03161028) awaited |
| Ibudilast (phase2) (NCT01982942) | Macrophage migration inhibitor | 255 | SPMS and PPMS | Positive | formal results awaited |
| GbNAC1 (phase 2) (NCT02882858, NCT03239860) | Recombinant monoclonal antibody - envelope of MS associated enterovirus | - | RRMS | Negative | Upcoming trial in SPMS to be announced |
| Opinicumab[41] | Anti-LINGO1 antibody | - | SPMS and RRMS | Positive (optic neuritis) | Formal results awaited |
| Clemastine fumarate[42] | Anti-histaminic | 50 | Chronic optic neuropathy | Positive | Upcoming trial in MS to be announced |
MS=Multiple sclerosis, SPMS=Secondary progressive MS, PPMS=Primary progressive MS, RRMS=Relapsing-remitting MS