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Chemical structure, appearance, and crystalline structure of Calix, s-Calix, and PIL-Calix molecules.
Notes: Calix (A), s-Calix (B), PIL-Calix molecules (C).
Abbreviations: Calix, calix[4]arene; PIL-Calix, poly ionic liquid-grafted p-sulfonated calix[4]arene; s-Calix, p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene.
