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. 2019 Apr 15;14:2619–2636. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S194596

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© 2019 Rahimi et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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(A) Preparation of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (s-Calix) from 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (Calix). (B) Preparation of needle-shaped poly ionic liquid-grafted p-sulfonated calix[4]arene (PIL-Calix) via ring-opening polymerization of IL oxirane (step 1) and preparation of PIL-Calix-coated magnetic nanoparticles (PIL-Calix/MNPs) as a magnetic nanocarrier (step 2).