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Water drop contact angle for hydrophobic Calix (A) and hydrophilic s-Calix (B), and PIL-Calix (C) samples.
Abbreviations: Calix, calix[4]arene; PIL-Calix, poly ionic liquid-grafted p-sulfonated calix[4]arene; s-Calix, p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene.
