Table 4.

Dynamics of soil chemical properties as driven by factors “Site”, “Season”, “Treatment” and “Growth stage” and their interactions. Values are given as average (n = 3) along with standard error (SE). Different letters within a column show significant differences within sites and growth stages EC30 and EC90 (P < 0.05). Values without SE have been back transformed.

Site	Growth stage	Treatment	EOC (mg kg−1)		EON (mg kg−1)		NH4+ (mg kg−1)		NO3− (mg kg−1)		pH (H2O)
			SR	LR	SR	LR	SR	LR	SR	LR	SR	LR
Busia	EC30	C + S	242a	273a	22ab	118a	71a	35b	27a	40b	5.48a	5.33c
		F + S	264a	247a	14b	203a	97a	81a	29a	101a	5.49a	5.41b
		F + S + T	294a	264a	31a	132a	67a	52ab	36a	55b	5.35b	5.43a
		SE	12.54	12.43							0.02	0.02
	EC90	C + S	281a	197b	37a	48.7a	13a	13a	0.27a	36a	5.64c	4.91b
		F + S	283a	256a	34a	92.3a	13a	21a	1.07a	15b	5.70b	4.86c
		F + S + T	301a	224ab	26a	69.9a	14a	16a	0.61a	20b	5.81a	4.99a
		SE	9.73	13.46							0.03	0.02
Homa Bay	EC30	C + S	294a	295a	204a	148a	123a	76a	34a	18a	7.04b	6.68a
		F + S	263a	226b	142ab	150a	143a	89a	38a	14a	6.91c	6.17b
		F + S + T	266a	281ab	92b	198a	99a	82a	16b	14a	7.26a	6.11c
		SE	10.04	14.13							0.05	0.09
	EC90	C + S	273a	156a	48a	25a	4b	3ab	9a	5a	7.35b	7.59a
		F + S	221ab	172a	33a	22a	4b	2b	5a	5a	7.93a	7.22c
		F + S + T	214b	178a	40a	29a	13a	4a	2a	5a	7.27c	7.41b
		SE	15.45	4.29							0.10	0.05

Treatments: C + S = uncoated maize + S. hermonthica, F + S = coated maize (with “Foxy-2”) + S. hermonthica, F + S + T = coated maize + S. hermonthica + Tithonia diversofolia; Season: SR = short rains, LR = Long rains; Growth stage: EC30 = Early leaf development stage, EC90 = Senescence stage; SE: Standard error.