Fig. 1. AR promotes RCC cell proliferation independently of the VHL status.

a Verification of AR overexpression and knockdown by western blot assay in SW-839, OSRC-2, and Caki-1 cells. b SW-839 and OSRC-2 cells were transfected with AR-shRNA and negative control separately, and cell growth was measured by MTT assay. c Caki-1 and OSRC-2 cells were transfected with functional AR-cDNA and negative control separately, and cell growth was measured by MTT assay. d, e The cell colony formation in SW-839 and OSRC-2 cells with AR knockdown or overexpression. For b–e, data are presented as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared to the controls