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. 2019 Apr 18;9:6278. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42179-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Maternal DCAF13 affects zygotic genome activation by the two-cell stage. (a) Detection of newly synthesized RNA by 5-ethynyl uridine (EU) (in green) incorporation and the activity of polymerase II (POLII) (PSII in red) in two-cell embryos of Dcaf13^♀+/♂+ or Dcaf13^♀−/♂+ is shown (top), and the measurement of the intensity was indicated (bottom). Scale bar, 20 µm. *** to p < 0.001. Dcaf13^♀+/♂+ (n = 10), Dcaf13^♀−/♂+ (n = 10). (b) Heat map and cluster tree represented the relative mRNA levels of total transcripts in Dcaf13^fl/fl and Dcaf13^fl/fl;Zp3-Cre MII oocytes as well as Dcaf13^♀+/♂+ or Dcaf13^♀−/♂+ two-cell embryos. (c) Gene scatter plots showed that transcript levels increasing more than three folds in Dcaf13^fl/fl;Zp3-Cre MII oocytes (Dcaf13^fl/fl;Zp3-Cre/Dcaf13^fl/fl > 3) were upregulated (red); Transcript levels decreasing more than three folds (Dcaf13^fl/fl/Dcaf13^fl/fl;Zp3-Cre > 3) were downregulated (blue) (top). Transcript levels increasing more than three folds in Dcaf13^♀−/♂+ two-cell embryos were upregulated (red); transcript levels decreasing more than three folds in Dcaf13^♀−/♂+ two-cell embryos were downregulated (blue) (bottom). (d) Gene ontology (GO) analysis plot and heat map indicated the function of transcripts whose levels increased (red) or decreased (blue) in Dcaf13^♀−/♂+ two-cell embryos compared to control. (e) Heat map described the level change of transcripts encoding ribosomal proteins grouped by ribosome large and small subunit in Dcaf13^♀−/♂+ two-cell embryos. The fold changes (Dcaf13^♀−/♂+/Dcaf13^♀+/♂+) were listed at the top of the boxes from white to blue (from large to small).