Jaeger 1992.

Study characteristics
Methods	Controlled clinical trial, cross‐over; 2‐hour wash‐out period; double‐blind phase, then an open phase with the intervention (s‐calcitonin) for longer‐term assessment; drawing of lots by person not involved in study Ff‐up: short‐term: 24 hrs before and after treatment (double‐blind); long‐term: 6 mos, 1 to 2 yrs (open phase)
Participants	Phantom pain 0 to 7 days following amputation; all except one are lower limb amputations of vascular, traumatic, malignancy, and infectious aetiology, at least 3 on 0‐to‐10 numerical analogue scale; 21 participants, 12 males; median age yrs (range): 59 (20 to 78)
Interventions	s‐calcitonin at 200 IU, once, 20‐minute intravenous infusion  saline
Outcomes	Change in pain intensity on 0‐to‐10 numerical analogue scale; Number of participants with pain reduction of > 50%; Long term (at 1 yr): number of participants with reduction of > 75%; Adverse events; Dropouts/withdrawals; Other outcomes: number of phantom pain attacks, number of participants requiring second infusion for phantom pain recurrence
Notes	n = 21
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"patients with PLP exceeding 3 on NAS were randomly divided into 2 groups"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	"double‐blind"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Some missing data, as some participants did not have the second infusion, placebo, as their NAS did not exceed 3
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Numerical results for pain intensity on NAS not reported, although out in graphical form and noted significance; all specified outcomes in methods were reported, although not necessarily our preferred outcomes
Other bias	Unclear risk	Unclear if baseline pain characteristics were not significantly different in treatment and placebo interventions
Size of study	High risk	n = 21