Wu 2012.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised, DB, pilot, parallel sequence; 1 group receiving BoNT/A injections and another group receiving combination lidocaine and methylprednisolone injections; “one physician was chosen to implement the treatment protocol for all patients after randomisation.” Ff‐up at 1, 2, 3 ,4 ,5,6 mos
Participants	Adult lower extremity amputees with PLP or RLP, or both with VAS > 5/10 and unresponsive to conventional treatment
Interventions	Injections of BoNT/A with dosage of 1 mL equal to 50 units of BoNT/A into painful sites; 1 treatment episode Injections of 1 mL mixture of 0.75 mL of 1% lidocaine and 0.25 mL of lidocaine/methylprednisolone 40 mg/mL into painful sites; 1 treatment episode
Outcomes	Pain intensity by 0‐to‐10 VAS; Changes in pressure pain tolerance; Dropouts/withdrawals
Notes	Study has a small size; n = 14
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Technique of allocation not clearly described
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Participants were blinded to the type of treatment they received; medications same in appearance, dosage amount, and route
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Evaluators were blinded to the type of treatment participants received
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The study described the dropouts and withdrawals during the course of the study, but unclear whether these were included in the analysis
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All specified outcomes in methods section of published study were reported, although not necessarily as our preferred outcomes
Other bias	Unclear risk	Uncertain if baseline characteristics similar in both groups
Size of study	High risk	n = 14 (but only an initial report)

BI: Barthel Index; BoNT/A: botulinum toxin A; CES‐D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CHART: Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique; CI: confidence interval; DB: double‐blind; FIM: Functional Independence Measure; ff‐up: follow‐up; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; ICF: intracortical facilitation; ICI: intracortical inhibition; IU: international unit; IV: intravenous; max: maximum; mos: months; MPQ: McGill Pain Questionnaire; n: number of participants; NNTB: number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome; NAS: numerical analogue scale; NRS: numerical rating scale; PDI: Pain Disability Index; PLP: phantom limb pain; RLP: residual limb pain; QOL: quality of life; SD: standard deviation; SF‐MPQ: Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire; SIS: Sleep Interference Scale; TMS: transcranial magnetic stimulation; VAS: visual analogue scale; wks: weeks; yrs: years.