Table 1.

Global Crop Production Changes (kt Annual in 2010) due to Historical Emissions Through 2010 by Pollutant and Process

Process →Pollutant ↓	Temperature	Precipitation	Fertilization	Ozone	Net	Relative yield (%)
Wheat
CO2	−32,300	0	26,700	—	−5,600
CH4	−16,200	0	200	−4,900	−20,900
N2O, F‐gasses	−9,900	0	—	—	−9,900
PIC	4,700	−250	—	−500	4,000
SO2, NOx, NH3	15,300	−250	—	−9,600	5,400
Total					−27,100 ± 7,600	−5.8 ± 1.6
Maize
CO2	−23,300	10	29,700	—	6,400
CH4	−11,200	10	300	−5,900	−16,800
N2O, F‐gases	−6,900	0	—	—	−6,900
PIC	−2,900	−210	—	−600	−3,800
SO2, NOx, NH3	10,800	−200	—	−11,600	−900
Total					−22,500 ± 9,100	−4.4 ± 1.8
Rice
CO2	−18,000	20	32,800	—	14,800
CH4	−8,500	10	200	−2,000	−10,300
N2O, F‐gases	−5,300	10	—	—	−5,300
PIC	2,500	−150	—	−200	2,100
SO2, NOx, NH3	8,200	−170	—	−3,900	4,200
Total					5,400 ± 2,200	1.0 ± 0.4

Note. All values rounded to the nearest 100 except precipitation, which is rounded to the nearest 10. PIC stands for products of incomplete combustion. Uncertainties based on Monte Carlo sampling of all variables and represent 95% confidence intervals. Note that 1 kt equals 1 Gg and production changes are due exclusively to yield changes as cultivated area is held constant.