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. 2019 Feb 1;124(2):915–933. doi: 10.1029/2018JA026031

Figure 2.

jgra54758-fig-0002

Energies and pitch angles corresponding to different values of the first adiabatic invariant μ. The second invariant K = 0.3 G1/2 R E is constant. The energies and pitch angles are calculated using the dipole field.