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. 2016 Nov 23;2016(11):CD007249. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007249.pub5

Schinke 1981.

Methods Design: individually randomized
Location: not specified; investigators based in Seattle, WA (USA)
 Time frame: no information
Sample size calculation (and outcome of focus): no information
Participants General with N: 36 students in public high school
 Inclusion criteria: sophomore class students
 Exclusion criteria: no information
Interventions Study focus: preventing adolescent pregnancy
 Theory or model: cognitive and behavioral training; problem‐solving schema
  1. Intervention: cognitive and behavioral training (14 sessions of 50 min each); reproductive biology and contraceptive methods; guest speakers, audiovisual aids, Socratic discussion

    1. pretest, training, and post‐test

    2. training and post‐test

  2. Control: 2 groups; no training

    1. pretest and post‐test

    2. post‐test only


Duration: 14 group sessions of 50 minutes each
Outcomes Primary: "habitual contraception"; "greater protection at last intercourse"; "less reliance on inadequate birth control" (no definitions)
 Secondary: knowledge of pregnancy prevention (post‐test only); attitudes toward family planning
 Follow‐up: 6 months
Notes  
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk No mention
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk No mention
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes High risk Presume no blinding of participants or providers; not feasible due to type of intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Low risk Measures scored by 2 assistants not aware of study conditions or hypotheses
Outcome measures High risk Contraceptive use from self‐report
Investigator communicated that contraceptive outcomes were based on reported behavior; did not request data due to age of study
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Loss to follow‐up: no mention
Other bias Unclear risk Analysis for cluster randomized trial: NA