Table 1.
Average annual applied inputs (and percentage of total energy input), total fossil-fuel energy input, labor productivity (LP), net profit-to-labor use ratio (NPL), partial factor productivity for N fertilizer (PFPN), and irrigation-water productivity (IWP) based on farmer-reported data for middle-season rice (MR), double-season rice (DR), and ratoon rice (RR) cropping systems.
| Inputs | Rate (per ha per year) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| MR | DR | RR | |
| N fertilizer, kg N | 226 (39%) | 472 (42%) | 342 (44%) |
| P fertilizer, kg P2O5 | 139 (14%) | 188 (8%) | 107 (6%) |
| K fertilizer, kg K2O | 197 (13%) | 334 (22%) | 178 (9%) |
| Irrigation water, m3 | 2423 (9%) | 4004 (8%) | 3294 (9%) |
| Seed, kg | 55 (3%) | 57 (2%) | 26 (1%) |
| Labor, h | 172 (1%) | 846 (3%) | 572 (3%) |
| Pesticides, kg a.i. | 3.3 (2%) | 4.7 (1%) | 3.0 (1%) |
| Machinery, MJ | 1448 (6%) | 2856 (5%) | 2196 (6%) |
| Fuel use for on-farm operations, l | 63 (13%) | 130 (14%) | 92 (15%) |
| Total energy input (GJ) | 27 | 53 | 36 |
| LP, kg grain h−1 labor | 45 | 18 | 23 |
| NPL, $ h−1 labor | 5.9 | 1.4 | 4.1 |
| PFPN, kg grain kg−1 N fertilizer | 34 | 33 | 39 |
| IWP, kg grain m−3 water irrigation | 3.2 | 3.8 | 4.0 |
Pesticides were calculated as the total of insecticide, herbicide, and fungicide used in rice production.
a.i.: active ingredient.