Abasi 2014.
| Methods | Clinical trial, Bent‐al‐Hoda hospital Bojnoord, Iran. | |
| Participants | 92 women, mean age: 29 years, with uncomplicated elective CS, parity 1‐4, no information on previous CS, no information on type of anaesthesia. Exclusion criteria: bleeding > 80 mL. |
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| Interventions |
Intervention group (N = 46): chewing gum for 1 h, 3 times/d at 8:00, 14:00 and 20:00 after the surgery (total 180 min/d). Control group (N = 46): "routine normal diet postoperative"; no information on exact type of feeding (early or conventional). |
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| Outcomes | First passage of flatus and stool, first feeling of peristaltic movements. | |
| Notes | IRCT2012082610661N1. This study is in Farsi and we could not translate the full text. The extracted information was obtained exclusively from the English abstract, which provided no numerical data for any of the outcomes. This study could not be included in any of the meta‐analyses. We contacted the study authors for details but they did not respond. | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not enough information provided: "The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups". |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No information. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | The nature of the intervention did not allow blinding. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Subjective outcomes | High risk | Participants were unable to be adequately blinded in relation to passage of flatus and stools. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Objective outcomes | Unclear risk | Not assessed. The proportion of participants with ileus, time to first hearing of intestinal sounds, need for analgesia or antiemetic agents and duration of hospital stay were not part of the outcomes of this study. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No losses. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All outcomes pre‐specified in protocol were reported in the results. |
| Other bias | Unclear risk | No information. |