Table 1.
Summary statistics: Means and tests of balance.
| Variable | All Villages |
Treatment Villages |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Control | p–value | RA Treatment | LG Treatment | p–value | |
| Panel A. Baseline Household Characteristics: | ||||||
| Do not have own sanitation facility | 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.95 |
| Open defecate | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.93 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.89 |
| Access to Unimproved Sanitation | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.76 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.66 |
| Access to Improved Sanitation | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.74 | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.69 |
| Wash hands after defecation | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.20 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.80 |
| Access to piped water | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.39 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.00 |
| Intolerance of open defecation | 33.1 | 32.9 | 0.70 | 33.6 | 32.6 | 0.19 |
| Believes open defecation causes diarrhea | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.50 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.89 |
| Knowledge of causes of diarrhea | 4.73 | 4.73 | 0.94 | 4.81 | 4.66 | 0.39 |
| Household head's age | 40.4 | 40.4 | 0.99 | 40.2 | 40.5 | 0.68 |
| Household head male | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.31 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.52 |
| Household head's educational attainment: | ||||||
| Elementary | 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.27 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.68 |
| Lower Secondary | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.46 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.68 |
| Upper Secondary | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.74 |
| Tertiary | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.78 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.76 |
| Household size | 4.92 | 4.82 | 0.29 | 5.00 | 4.83 | 0.20 |
| No. children aged 0-5 | 1.15 | 1.12 | 0.07∗ | 1.15 | 1.15 | 0.85 |
| No. children aged 6-10 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.56 |
| No. children aged 11-17 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.65 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.91 |
| Per capita household income | 2.81 | 3.02 | 0.37 | 2.84 | 2.79 | 0.86 |
| House has a dirt floor | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.91 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.33 |
| House has a tiled floor | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.83 |
| House has walls of brick or wood | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.30 |
| Household uses wood as a cooking fuel | 0.57 | 0.52 | 0.21 | 0.56 | 0.59 | 0.57 |
| Cash transfer program (BLT) recipient | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.72 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.36 |
| Max Observations: | 922 | 936 | 460 | 462 | ||
| Panel B. Baseline Child Characteristics: | ||||||
| Age in months | 11.8 | 12.1 | 0.30 | 12.1 | 11.6 | 0.24 |
| Male | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.44 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.48 |
| Hemoglobin (g/l) | 101.5 | 101.8 | 0.81 | 100.7 | 102.4 | 0.22 |
| Weight (kgs) | 8.2 | 8.3 | 0.61 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 0.49 |
| Height (cms) |
71.2 |
71.6 |
0.34 |
71.4 |
71.1 |
0.58 |
| Max Observations: | 946 | 940 | 471 | 475 | ||
| Panel C. Baseline Village Characteristics: | ||||||
| Village population | 1042 | 1300 | 0.14 | 824 | 1249 | 0.02∗∗ |
| Paved road to nearest city | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.73 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.69 |
| % of the village population that are muslim | 97.6 | 95.4 | 0.19 | 97.4 | 97.9 | 0.67 |
| River runs through village | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.86 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.89 |
| % of households in village that open defecate | 33.6 | 36.4 | 0.52 | 32.8 | 34.5 | 0.78 |
| Average years of education of household heads | 10.3 | 10.5 | 0.33 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 0.85 |
| Village land area | 42,816 | 34,930 | 0.70 | 42,377 | 43,234 | 0.98 |
| Social capital index at BL |
0.01 |
−0.02 |
0.61 |
−0.02 |
0.04 |
0.46 |
| Max Observations: | 80 | 80 | 39 | 41 | ||
Note: These are summary statistics (means) using the baseline data. RA (LG) Treatment indicates villages which were assigned to implementation by a resource agency (local government). Information on roundworm prevalence and intolerance of open defecation is not available at baseline. The p-values are generated from tests of statistical difference between treatment and control communities.