Table A3.
Balance Table – Social Capital Sample.
| Variables | All Households |
No Sanitation at Baseline |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (Treatment) | Mean (Control) | p-value Difference | Mean (Treatment) | Mean (Control) | p-value Difference | |
| Baseline Sanitation Variables: | ||||||
| Do not have own sanitation facility | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 1.00 | . |
| Open defecate | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.74 | 1.00 | 1.00 | . |
| Access to unimproved sanitation | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 | . |
| Access to improved sanitation | 0.49 | 0.43 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 | . |
| Wash hands after defecation | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.52 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.31 |
| Access to piped water | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.69 |
| Intolerance of Open Defecation | 33.3 | 32.6 | 0.27 | 30.3 | 30.0 | 0.64 |
| Believes open defecation causes diarrhea | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.36 | 0.60 | 0.52 | 0.10∗ |
| Knowledge of causes of diarrhea | 4.64 | 4.61 | 0.82 | 4.29 | 4.24 | 0.78 |
| Baseline Household Characteristics: | ||||||
| Household head's age | 40.23 | 40.12 | 0.89 | 40.11 | 38.45 | 0.13 |
| Household head male | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.14 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 0.05∗ |
| Household head's educational attainment: | ||||||
| Elementary | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.85 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.87 |
| Lower secondary | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.75 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.93 |
| Upper secondary | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.47 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.91 |
| Tertiary | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.43 |
| Household size | 4.94 | 4.82 | 0.26 | 4.91 | 4.64 | 0.07∗ |
| Number of children in the household: | ||||||
| Aged 0–5 years | 1.15 | 1.13 | 0.33 | 1.13 | 1.07 | 0.01∗∗∗ |
| Aged 6–10 years | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.37 | 0.28 | 0.05∗ |
| Aged 11–17 years | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.78 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.93 |
| Per capita household income (mill Rp/year) | 2.78 | 2.96 | 0.51 | 1.77 | 1.85 | 0.61 |
| House has a dirt floor | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.60 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.95 |
| House has a tiled floor | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.49 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.82 |
| House has walls of brick or wood | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.83 | .0.80 | 0.82 | 0.61 |
| Household uses wood as a cooking fuel | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.69 | 0.63 | 0.30 |
| Cash transfer program (BLT) recipient | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.61 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.63 |
| Baseline Village Characteristics: | ||||||
| Village population | 925.61 | 1052.51 | 0.21 | 835.33 | 894.69 | 0.46 |
| Paved road to the nearest city | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.46 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.52 |
| % of the village population that are muslim | 97.72 | 97.26 | 0.68 | 98.61 | 98.41 | 0.77 |
| River runs through village | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.62 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.86 |
| % of households in village that open defecate | 15.18 | 14.66 | 0.86 | 24.14 | 21.27 | 0.45 |
| Average years of education of household heads | 10.13 | 10.45 | 0.26 | 9.67 | 10.40 | 0.06∗ |
| Village land area | 63,297 | 33,543.05 | 0.27 | 109,804 | 22,601.86 | 0.03∗∗ |
| Observations | 721 | 728 | 289 | 307 | ||
Notes: These are summary statistics (means) using the baseline data from the social capital sample. Intolerance of Open Defecation is the sum of responses to 9 questions about attitudes toward open defecation (45 is the maximum score possible and is the highest level of intolerance while 9 is the minimum score possible and reflects total acceptance of open defecation); Knowledge of causes of diarrhea is a score out of 6 based on six questions about possible causes of diarrhea (a score of 6 indicates that the respondent got all of the questions correct). The p-values are generated from tests of statistical difference between treatment and control communities. ∗∗∗indicates difference is significant at 1% level, ∗∗ at 5% level, ∗ at 10% level.