Questions		BMI	Weight	Adverse events (serious adverse events / adverse events causing discontinuation of trial)	Health‐related quality of life	All‐cause mortality	Morbidity	Socioeconomic effects
Trial limitations (risk of bias)a	1. Was random sequence generation used (i.e. no potential for selection bias)?	Yes	Yes	Yes / Yes	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	2. Was allocation concealment used (i.e. no potential for selection bias)?	Yes	Yes	Yes / Yes
	3. Was there blinding of participants and personnel (i.e. no potential for performance bias)?	Yes	Yes	Yes / Yes
	4. Was there blinding of outcome assessment (i.e. no potential for detection bias)?	Yes	Yes	Yes / Yes
	5. Was an objective outcome used?	Yes	Yes	Yes / Yes
	6. Were more than 80% of participants enrolled in trials included in the analysis (i.e. no potential reporting bias)?e	Yes	Yes	Yes / No (↓)
	7. Were data reported consistently for the outcome of interest (i.e. no potential selective reporting)?	Yes	Yes	No (↓) / No (↓)
	8. No other biases reported (i.e. no potential of other bias)?	No (↓)	No (↓)	Unclear / Unclear
	9. Did the trials end up as scheduled (i.e. not stopped early)?	Yes	Yes	Yes / Yes
Inconsistencyb	1. Point estimates did not vary widely?	Yes	Yes	Yes / Yes
	2. To what extent did confidence intervals overlap (substantial: all confidence intervals overlap at least one of the included studies point estimate; some: confidence intervals overlap but not all overlap at least one point estimate; no: at least one outlier: where the confidence interval of some of the studies do not overlap with those of most included studies)?	Some	Some	Substantial / Substantial
	3. Was the direction of effect consistent?	No (↓)	No (↓)	No (↓) / No (↓)
	4. What was the magnitude of statistical heterogeneity (as measured by I2) ‐ low (I2 < 40%), moderate (I2 = 40% to 60%), high (I2 > 60%)?	High (↓)	High (↓)	Low / Low
	5. Was the test for heterogeneity statistically significant (P < 0.1)?	Statistically significant (↓)	Statistically significant (↓)	Not statistically significant / Not statistically significant
Indirectnessa	1. Were the populations in included studies applicable to the decision context?	Applicable	Applicable	Applicable / Applicable
	2. Were the interventions in the included studies applicable to the decision context?	Applicable	Applicable	Applicable / Applicable
	3. Was the included outcome not a surrogate outcome?	Yes	Yes	Yes / Yes
	4. Was the outcome time frame sufficient?	Sufficient	Sufficient	Sufficient / Sufficient
	5. Were the conclusions based on direct comparisons?	Yes	Yes	Yes / Yes
Imprecisionc	1. Was the confidence interval for the pooled estimate not consistent with benefit and harm?	Yes	Yes	No (↓) / No (↓)
	2. What is the magnitude of the median sample size (high: > 300 participants, intermediate: 100 to 300 participants, low: < 100 participants)?e	Low (↓)	Low (↓)	Intermediate / Low (↓)
	3. What was the magnitude of the number of included studies (large: > 10 studies, moderate: 5 to 10 studies, small: < 5 studies)?e	Large	Large	Moderate / Moderate
	4. Was the outcome a common event (e.g. occurs more than 1/100)?	N/A	N/A	Yes / Yes
Publication biasd	1. Was a comprehensive search conducted?	Yes	Yes	Yes / Yes
	2. Was grey literature searched?	No (↓)	No (↓)	No (↓) / No (↓)
	3. Were no restrictions applied to study selection on the basis of language?	Yes	Yes	Yes / Yes
	4. There was no industry influence on studies included in the review?	No (↓)	No (↓)	No (↓) / No (↓)
	5. There was no evidence of funnel plot asymmetry?	No (↓)	No (↓)	Unclear / Unclear
	6. There was no discrepancy in findings between published and unpublished trials?	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear / Unclear
aQuestions on risk of bias are answered in relation to most of the aggregated evidence in the meta‐analysis rather than to individual studies. bQuestions on inconsistency are primarily based on visual assessment of forest plots and the statistical quantification of heterogeneity based on I2 statistic. cWhen judging the width of the confidence interval it is recommended to use a clinical decision threshold to assess whether the imprecision is clinically meaningful. dQuestions address comprehensiveness of the search strategy, industry influence, funnel plot asymmetry and discrepancies between published and unpublished trials. eDepends on the context of the systematic review area. (↓): key item for potential downgrading the certainty of the evidence (GRADE) as shown in the footnotes of the 'Summary of finding' table. BMI: body mass index; N/A: not applicable.