Figure 14.

Spatial distributions of surface NO_x emissions (in 10¹¹ kg·N·m⁻²·s⁻¹, upper panels), surface CO emissions (in 10¹⁰ kg·CO·m⁻²·s⁻¹, middle panels), and surface SO₂ emissions (in 10¹⁰ kg·S·m⁻²·s⁻¹, bottom row) obtained from a priori emissions (left panels), a posterior emissions from the reanalysis (center panels), and the difference between a posteriori and a priori emissions (right panels) averaged over May 2016. The black square line represents the eastern China region (100–124°E, 21–43°N) used for the emission analysis.