Table 3.
Material breakdown of a fresh LMO–NMC/graphite cell as determined by dismantling and further analysis.
| LMO-NMC cell (total weight before opening: 1396.2 g) | % in weight (%) | Fraction/g | Accuracy (g) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Steel: external case, connectors | 21.47 | 299.8 | ±2 |
| Al: current collectors, electrode foils | 3.74 | 52.2 | ±2 |
| Cu: current collectors, electrode foils | 10.03 | 140.0 | ±6 |
| Polymer: wrapping, tapes, separator | 5.99 | 83.6 | ±2 |
| Anode active material: graphite | 10.17 | 142.0 | ±12 |
| Binder | 2.68 | 37.4 | ±6 |
| Cathode active material: LMO-NMC | 27.47 | 383.5 | ±20 |
| Carbon black in the cathode | 3.38 | 47.2 | ±32 |
| Electrolyte | 13.75 | 192.0 | ±20 |
| Uncounted materials lost in cutting/drilling/handling (steel, polymer, Cu, Al, active materials) | 1.32 | 18.5 | ±5 |