Table 7.
Life cycle impacts of recycling the battery components.
| Impact category | Recycling process – cell | Recycling process – BMS | Recycling process – cooling system | Recycling process – battery packaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CED (MJ) | 2.57E+03 | 4.75E+01 | 1.16E+02 | 4.18E+02 |
| ADP (kgSbeq) | 6.19E–04 | 1.17E–04 | 1.20E–05 | 2.00E–04 |
| GWP (kgCO2eq) | 1.48E+02 | 4.41E+00 | 7.40E+00 | 2.58E+01 |
| ODP (kgCFC-11eq) | 3.73E–05 | 2.31E–07 | 8.92E–07 | 2.85E–06 |
| HT-nce (CTUh) | 4.82E–05 | 1.61E–05 | 3.98E–06 | 3.30E–05 |
| HT-ce (CTUh) | 9.33E–06 | 6.32E–07 | 1.96E–07 | 1.46E–06 |
| PM (kg PM2.5eq) | 1.20E–01 | 2.89E–03 | 2.02E–03 | 1.01E–02 |
| IR-hh (kBqU235eq) | 4.20E+01 | 6.39E–01 | 7.73E–01 | 4.19E–00 |
| POFP (kgNMVOCeq) | 2.99E–01 | 1.03E–02 | 1.06E–02 | 4.77E–02 |
| AP (molH+eq) | 8.37E–01 | 2.60E–02 | 2.17E–02 | 1.06E–01 |
| EUT (molNeq) | 1.05E+00 | 4.02E–02 | 3.27E–02 | 1.62E–01 |
| EUF (kgPeq) | 9.24E–02 | 8.14E–03 | 1.83E–03 | 1.84E–02 |
| EUM (kgNeq) | 1.16E–01 | 3.95E–03 | 3.30E–03 | 1.80E–02 |
| EFw (CTUe) |
1.94E+03 |
2.33E+03 |
3.08E+04 |
7.87E+04 |
| Impact category |
Recycling credits – cell |
Recycling credits – BMS |
Recycling credits – cooling system |
Recycling credits – packaging |
| CED (MJ) | −1.23E+03 | −1.27E+02 | −1.13E+03 | −3.35E+03 |
| ADP (kgSbeq) | −1.00E–02 | −8.90E–04 | −6.64E–05 | −1.73E–03 |
| GWP (kgCO2eq) | −6.90E+01 | −8.40E+00 | −6.99E+01 | −2.13E+02 |
| ODP (kgCFC-11eq) | −6.03E–06 | −5.94E–07 | −4.62E–06 | −1.40E–05 |
| HT-nce (CTUh) | −3.85E–04 | −2.91E–05 | −2.30E–05 | −1.38E–04 |
| HT-ce (CTUh) | −4.31E–05 | −7.34E–06 | −2.47E–05 | −1.01E–04 |
| PM (kg PM2.5eq) | −2.59E–01 | −1.11E–02 | −5.31E–02 | −1.79E–01 |
| IR-hh (kBqU235eq) | −1.04E+01 | −1.02E+00 | −8.81E+00 | −2.47E+01 |
| POFP (kgNMVOCeq) | −6.64E–01 | −3.86E–02 | −1.97E–01 | −6.55E–01 |
| AP (molH+eq) | −3.89E+00 | −8.45E–02 | −5.90E–01 | −1.75E+00 |
| EUT (molNeq) | −2.04E+00 | −1.30E–01 | −6.77E–01 | −2.17E+00 |
| EUF (kgPeq) | −2.30E–01 | −1.75E–02 | −3.59E–02 | −1.38E–01 |
| EUM (kgNeq) | −1.36E+00 | −1.14E–01 | −6.95E–02 | −3.60E–01 |
| EFw (CTUe) | −9.55E+03 | −7.05E+02 | −1.34E+03 | −5.34E+03 |