Costs: 2b. Direct healthcare costs ‐ skewed data
Study	Intervention	Mean	SD	Total	Note
by medium term
Lehman‐Maryland1 1994	1. ICM*	4,229	5,058	77
Lehman‐Maryland1 1994	2. Standard care*	5,540	6,368	75	* Unit cost US $, fiscal year 1994. ** 'Total per‐case cost did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). Transformation of total costs per case to account for non‐normality (square root of total costs, t‐test=0.77, df=1,134, NS) and non‐parametric analysis (Wilcoxon test for ranks, Z=0.146, NS) also were non‐significant.' Time period 12 months.
by short term FUP
Chan‐Hong Kong 2000	1. ICM	14,833	1,539	31	HK $ (HK$8=US$1, at time of study publication, 2000). Statistically significant difference (P = 0.017).
Chan‐Hong Kong 2000	2. Standard care	11,230	7,979	31