Harrison‐Read‐UK 2000.

Methods	Allocation: randomised. Design: single centre. Duration: 24 months. Country: London, UK.
Participants	Diagnosis*: "heavy psychiatric service users", no diagnostic criteria reported. N = 193. Setting: community psychiatric services. Age: 16 to 64 years, mean ˜ 39 years. Sex: 53% M (102M, 91F). History: admitted within the last 3 years and had at least 2 admissions in the last 6.5 years. Excluded: participants who were continuously hospitalised during 8 months' recruitment.
Interventions	1. ICM: enhanced community management on ACT principles (Stein model) provided by dedicated multiprofessional team. Caseload: 1:8‐15. N = 97. 2. Non‐ICM: locality‐based community psychiatric services using the UK Care Programme Approach. Caseload: 1 ≧20. N = 96.
Outcomes	Service use: average number of days in hospital per month. Death: all causes, suicide. Global state: leaving the study early, compliance, Rating of Medication Influences (ROMI). Social functioning: Social Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ). Mental state: Krawiecka Scale (KS), Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Participant satisfaction: Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN). Costs: direct costs of psychiatric hospital care. Unable to use ‐ Mental state: general symptoms, Well‐being Questionnaire (W‐BQ) (not peer‐reviewed scale and modified from the original).
Notes	*Schizophrenia ˜ 65%. **Median number of 5 admissions over 6.5 years.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random sequence generated by computer program.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Primary outcome: clinician/participant mediated ‐ rating ‐ Unclear. Secondary outcomes: some are interviewer rated ‐ rating ‐ No. Interviewers are not blind to treatment assignment.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Blinding not reported.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Interviewers were not blinded.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Number of lost to follow‐up reported, but reasons for attrition not reported. Number of lost to follow‐up balanced between 2 groups. Some participants were excluded after randomisation, but reasons for exclusion not stated.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Listed outcomes of interest are fully reported.
Other bias	Low risk	Publicly funded (National Health Service). No further details. No evidence of other bias.