Table 2:
Detection frequencies and descriptive statistics for biomarkers in children’s urine samples. OPEs (n=181), phenols (n=180), parabens (n=180), antibacterials (n=180), and phthalates and DINCH (n=180). All concentrations corrected for specific gravity.
| Class | Compound | Abbreviation | MDL ng/mL | % Detect | Median ng/mL | Min ng/mL | 95th Percentile ng/mL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPE Metabolites | bis(2-chloro-isopropyl) phosphate | BCIPP | 0.14 | 80 | 0.46 | ND | 1.9 |
| diphenyl phosphate | DPHP | 0.12 | 99 | 2.3 | ND | 17 | |
| bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate | BDCIPP | 0.07 | 100 | 6.0 | 0.15 | 36 | |
| 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate | BCIPHIPP | 0.18 | 97 | 1.3 | ND | 6.8 | |
| isopropyl-phenyl phenyl phosphate | ip-PPP | 0.02 | 100 | 7.1 | 0.42 | 25 | |
| tert-butyl phenyl phenyl phosphate | tb-PPP | 0.08 | 94 | 0.23 | ND | 2.3 | |
| Phenols | 2,4-dichlorophenol | 2,4-DCP | 0.10 | 97 | 1.0 | ND | 32 |
| 2,5-dichlorophenol | 2,5-DCP | 0.10 | 98 | 6.6 | ND | 1325 | |
| benzophenone-3 | BP-3 | 0.40 | 98 | 25 | ND | 1297 | |
| bisphenol A | BPA | 0.20 | 100 | 2.1 | 0.45 | 12 | |
| bisphenol F | BPF | 0.20 | 38 | -- | -- | 11 | |
| bisphenol S | BPS | 0.10 | 99 | 0.94 | ND | 7.2 | |
| Parabens | butyl paraben | B-PB | 0.10 | 34 | -- | -- | 9.2 |
| ethyl paraben | E-PB | 1.0 | 62 | 1.4 | ND | 127 | |
| methyl paraben | M-PB | 1.0 | 99 | 57 | ND | 2052 | |
| propyl paraben | P-PB | 0.10 | 100 | 8.5 | 0.10 | 275 | |
| Antibacterials | triclocarban | TCC | 0.10 | 37 | -- | -- | 8.5 |
| triclosan | TCS | 1.7 | 73 | 5.7 | ND | 71 | |
| Phthalate and DINCH Metabolites | monoethyl phthalate | MEP | 1.2 | 100 | 39 | 3.2 | 254 |
| mono-n-butyl phthalate | MBP | 0.40 | 100 | 20 | 2.5 | 91 | |
| mono-isononyl phthalate | MNP | 0.90 | 53 | 1.2 | ND | 7.6 | |
| mono-hydroxybutyl phthalate | MHBP | 0.40 | 98 | 2.8 | ND | 14 | |
| mono-hydroxyisobutyl phthalate | MHiBP | 0.40 | 100 | 7.1 | 0.90 | 25 | |
| mono-isobutyl phthalate | MiBP | 0.80 | 100 | 19 | 1.8 | 77 | |
| monobenzyl phthalate | MBzP | 0.30 | 100 | 17 | 1.3 | 361 | |
| mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate | MCPP | 0.40 | 99 | 3.8 | ND | 18 | |
| mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate | MEHP | 0.80 | 72 | 1.9 | ND | 11 | |
| mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate | MEOHP | 0.20 | 100 | 13 | 1.9 | 48 | |
| mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate | MEHHP | 0.40 | 100 | 20 | 1.9 | 80 | |
| mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate | MECPP | 0.40 | 100 | 31 | 8.8 | 121 | |
| mono carboxyisooctyl phthalate | MCOP | 0.30 | 100 | 21 | 2.2 | 175 | |
| mono carboxyisononyl phthalate | MCNP | 0.20 | 100 | 4.3 | 0.78 | 24 | |
| cyclohexane-1 2-dicarboxylic acid monohydroxy isononyl ester | MHINCH | 0.40 | 97 | 2.6 | ND | 14 | |
| cyclohexane-1 2-dicarboxylic acid monocarboxyisooctyl ester | MCOCH | 0.50 | 86 | 1.5 | ND | 6.9 |