. 2019 Apr 12;10:470. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00470

Table 1.

Some of the studies on effect of salinity and AMF on nutrient concentration and ionic ratios in plants.

S. No.	Salt level (mM NaCl)	Plant (Family)	Fungus^∗	Parameters	Effects		References

					Salinity	AMF on salt stressed plants
1.	0, 100	Citrus tangerine (Rutaceae)	Glomus mosseae and Paraglomus occultum	Na, K, Ca, Mg content and K⁺:Na⁺, Ca²⁺:Na⁺, Mg²⁺:Na⁺ ratios	Increased- Na, Ca, and Mg content, decreased- K content and ionic ratios	Increased- K, Mg content and ionic ratios, Ca²⁺ content increased by P. occultum Decreased- Na and Ca content, Ca²⁺:Na⁺ ratio by G. mosseae only	Wu et al., 2010
2.	0, 50, 100, 200	Trigonella foenum- graecum (Fabaceae)	Glomus intraradices	Shoot and root nutrient status and K⁺:Na⁺, Ca²⁺:Na⁺, Ca²⁺:Mg²⁺ ratios	Increased- shoot Na, Mn and root Na, Mg content Decreased- shoot and root N, P, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn content, and ionic ratios	Increased- root and shoot N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn content and K⁺:Na⁺ ratio Decreased- root and shoot Na content	Evelin et al., 2012
3.	0, 50, 100, 150, 200	Medicago sativa (Fabaceae)	Glomus viscosum	Shoot and root Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl content.	Increased- Na and Cl content Decreased- K, Ca, and Mg content	Increased- K and Mg content Decreased- Na, Ca, and Cl content	Campanelli et al., 2013
4.	0, 100	Kosteletzkya virginica (Malvaceae)	G. mosseae	Root and shoot N, P, K content and ionic ratios of different root tissues	Increased- K⁺:Na⁺ and Ca²⁺:Mg²⁺ratios Decreased- root and shoot N, P, K content, Na⁺:Ca²⁺ ratio	Increased- root and shoot N, P, K content, Na⁺:Ca²⁺ ratio Decreased- K⁺:Na⁺ and Ca²⁺:Mg²⁺ ratios	Zhang et al., 2014
5.	0, 75, 150	Oryza sativa (Poaceae)	Claroideoglomus etunicatum	Root and shoot P, Na and K content and expression of genes with a role in the uptake, transport or compartmentation of Na⁺ and/or K⁺	Increased- root and shoot Na content, Na root-to-shoot distribution Decreased- root and shoot K⁺:Na⁺ ratio, expression of OsNHX3, OsSOS1, OsHKT2;1, and OsHKT1;5 genes	Increased- root Na content, root and shoot P, upregulation of OsNHX3, OsSOS1, OsHKT2;1, and OsHKT1;5 genes Decreased- shoot Na content, root and shoot K⁺:Na⁺ ratio, root-to-shoot distribution of Na	Porcel et al., 2016
6.	0, 60, 80, 100	Cicer arietinum (Fabaceae)	Funneliformis mosseae	Nutrient status and K⁺:Na⁺ ratio	Increased- Na content Decreased- N, P, K, Mg content and leaf and root K⁺:Na⁺ ratio	Increased- N, P, K, Mg content, leaf and root K⁺:Na⁺ ratio Decreased- Na content	Garg and Bhandari, 2016b
7.	0, 200	Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae)	C. etunicatum, Rhizoglomus intraradices, and G. mosseae	Ionic status and electrolytic leakage	Increased- Na content and electrolytic leakage Decreased- K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu content	Increased- K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu content Decreased- Na content and electrolytic leakage	Hashem et al., 2018

^∗Nomenclature of the fungus is as per the name used in the cited papers. OsNHX3, Oryza sativa sodium/hydrogen exchanger; SOS1, salt overly sensitive; HKT, high affinity potassium transporter.