Table 5.
Univariable and multivariable hierarchical logistic and linear regression modelling in non-dog owners and dog-owners, of odds of undertaking physical activity and relative risk in minutes if that physical activity type occurs, in a study of participants residing in 385 households in in West Cheshire, UK, 2015.
| Univariable | P | Adjusted | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR/RR (95% CI) | OR/RR (95% CI) | ||||
| Walking for transport | OR No/yes | 0.56 (0.22–0.58) | <0.001 | 0.32 (0.19–0.53) | <0.001 |
| RR Minutes if | 0.95 (0.85–1.10) | 0.41 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 0.43 | |
| Walking for recreation | OR No/yes | 18.23 (6.9–48.2) | <0.001 | 14.35 (5.77–35.79) | <0.001 |
| RR Minutes if | 1.37 (1.25–1.51) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.27–5.91 | <0.001 | |
| Total walking | OR No/yes | 9.14 (0.81–102.63) | 0.07 | 8.71 (2.85–26.65) | <0.001 |
| RR Minutes if | 1.31 (1.20–1.44) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.19–1.43) | <0.001 | |
| MVPA | OR No/yes | 1.16 (0.65–2.09) | 0.62 | 1.12 (0.59–2.12) | 0.73 |
| RR Minutes if | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) | 0.44 | 0.99 (0.87–1.09) | 0.82 | |
| Total physical activity | RR Minutes if | 1.29 (1.18–1.41) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.17–1.40) | <0.0001 |
| Met physical activity guidelines | OR No/yes | 4.80 (2.30–10.04) | <0.001 | 4.10 (2.05–8.19) | <0.001 |
Adjustment Model 1: DO, gender, age, presence of child <16 in household, highest education achieved, work/physically active at work, Family social support for walking.
Variables tried during initial model building and found to not be required – household income, number of people, marital status, social support for walking from friends, personality measures.
Includes random effect at the household level.
The effect of dog ownership on total physical activity could not be identified from the (random) effect of household, and represents a limitation of our experimental design.