Table 3.

Beta coefficients from mixed effects multilevel models testing the interactions between neighborhood perceptions and neighborhood structural disadvantage on depressive symptoms^€ⱡ*

Random effect	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	β Estimate	SE	β Estimate	SE	β Estimate	SE	β Estimate	SE
Intercept	0.05***	0.01	0.01**	0.00	0.01**	0.00	0.01**	0.00
Fixed effects
Individual characteristics
Age			0.45***	0.05	0.45***	0.05	0.44***	0.05
Gender
Male			-	-	-	-	-	-
Female			0.23***	0.02	0.23***	0.02	0.23***	0.02
Race/ethnicity
White, Non-Hispanic			-	-	-	-	-	-
Other, Non-Hispanic			0.03	0.10	0.03	0.10	0.02	0.10
Native American or American Indian, Non-Hispanic			0.24**	0.07	0.25**	0.07	0.25**	0.07
Asian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic			0.34***	0.05	0.33***	0.05	0.33***	0.05
Black or African American, Non-Hispanic			0.10**	0.03	0.11***	0.03	0.11**	0.03
Hispanic			0.12***	0.04	0.13***	0.04	0.13***	0.04
Parent educationa
College graduate			-	-	-	-	-	-
Some college			0.02	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.04
High school graduate			0 19***	0.03	0 19***	0.03	0 19***	0.03
Less than high school			0.39***	0.04	0.40***	0.04	0.40***	0.04
Parent occupationb
Professional/mangerial			-	-	-	-	-	-
Other professionalc			0.02	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.04
Sales, service, administration			0.09*	0.04	0.09*	0.04	0.09*	0.04
Manual/blue collar			0.15***	0.04	0.16***	0.04	0.16***	0.04
Other (unspecified)			0.09**	0.04	0.10**	0.04	0.10**	0.04
Not working			0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
Family income, in thousands of dollars			−0.01*	0.01	−0.01*	0.01	−0.01*	0.01
Family structure
Two parents			-	-	-	-	-	-
One parent			0.12***	0.03	0.12***	0.03	0.12***	0.03
Other			0.21***	0.05	0.21***	0.05	0.21***	0.05
Perceived neighborhood social cohesion			−0.24***	0.04	−0.24***	0.04	−0.11	0.10
Perceived neighborhood safety
No			-	-	-	-	-	-
Yes			−0.46***	0.04	−0.47***	0.04	−0.46***	0.06
Neighborhood characteristic
Neighborhood structural disadvantage index
Quartile 1 (least)					-	-	-	-
Quartile 2					0.03	0.04	−0.08	0.29
Quartile 3					0.03	0.04	0.41	0.30
Quartile 4 (most)					0.04	0.04	1.03***	0.30
Interaction terms
Neighborhood structural disadvantage index x perceived neighborhood social cohesion							0.14***	0.04
Neighborhood structural disadvantage index x perceived neighborhood safety							0.03	0.03

^*p<0.05

^**p≤0.01

^***p≤0.001

SE=standard error

^aThe highest educational level for either parent was used as the value for the variable as reported by the adolescent.

^bThe highest occupation of either parent was used as the value for the variable as reported by the adolescent.

^cOther professional – community/social services, education/training/library, and arts/design/entertainment/sports/media occupations

^€Multiple imputation was used to deal with missing data

^ⱡDue to rounding, values displayed may be zero

^*All analyses were conducted on transformed data