Table 1.
Quality assessment of included studies based on Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) criteria.
| Study first author, year, and reference | EPHPP criteria | Global rating | |||||
| Selection bias | Study design | Confounders | Blinding | Data collection methods | Withdrawals and dropouts | ||
| Burns, 2011 [23] | Weak | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Weak |
| Hawley, 2013 [24] | Weak | Weak | Weak | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Weak |
| Manuvinakurike, 2014 [22] | Weak | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate |
| Martin, 2012 [25] | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Weak |
| Morrison, 2017 [26] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Strong | Strong | Weak | Weak |
| Ortiz-Catalan, 2016 [27] | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Weak |
| Sadasivam, 2016 [21] | Weak | Strong | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Moderate |
| Zeevi, 2015 [28] | Weak | Strong | Weak | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Weak |