Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Training cohort | Median OS (95% CI) | Validation cohort | Median OS (95% CI) | Training cohort vs. validation cohort p-value | Entire cohort | Median OS (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall survival | 53 | 12.3 (9.7-18.1) | 37 | 10.2 (8.2-17.6) | 0.096 | 90 | 11.5 (9.7-16.2) | ||
| Age, median (range, yr) | 66.0 (58.0-72.0) | 63.0 (55.0-71.0) | 0.250 | 66.0 (56.0-72.0) | |||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 35 (66.0) | 12.3 (9.7-18.2) | 26 (70.3) | 10.0 (6.9-21.2) | 0.847 | 61 (67.8) | 11.5 (9.2-16.8) | ||
| Female | 18 (34.0) | 14.6 (8.6-40.2) | 11 (29.7) | 10.7 (7.5-NA) | 29 (32.2) | 11.6 (8.9-20.8) | |||
| Diagnosis | |||||||||
| IHCC | 21 (39.6) | 11.2 (7.3-26.7) | 9 (24.3) | 11.6 (8.9-NA) | 0.205 | 30 (33.3) | 11.4 (8.9-19.5) | ||
| EHCC | 10 (18.9) | 13.7 (8.5-NA) | 14 (37.8) | 9.7 (6.6-NA) | 24 (26.7) | 10.3 (8.5-37.5) | |||
| AoV ca | 2 (3.8) | 15.9 (12.3-NA) | 1 (2.7) | 8.23 (NA-NA) | 3 (3.3) | 12.3 (8.2-NA) | |||
| GB ca | 20 (37.7) | 12.6 (9.7-20.8) | 13 (35.1) | 12.0 (6.4-NA) | 33 (36.7) | 12.0 (9.7-18.1) | |||
| Disease extent | |||||||||
| Recurrent | 33 (62.3) | 11.8 (9.0-18.2) | 21 (56.8) | 9.1 (6.6-21.2) | 0.760 | 54 (60.0) | 10.6 (8.9-16.2) | ||
| Initially unresectable | 20 (37.7) | 16.7 (9.7-75.9) | 16 (43.2) | 10.5 (8.2-NA) | 36 (40.0) | 12.1 (9.7-19.6) | |||
| Total bilirubin | |||||||||
| Normal | 39 (75.0) | 12.5 (9.0-28.5) | 32 (86.5) | 10.7 (8.9-19.5) | 0.288 | 71 (85.6) | 11.5 (9.2-16.8) | ||
| Elevated | 13 (25.0) | 12.3 (9.7-NA) | 5 (13.5) | 6.4 (5.8-NA) | 18 (20.2) | 10.6 (8.6-18.1) | |||
| Albumin | |||||||||
| Decreased | 7 (13.2) | 9.7 (3.6-NA) | 6 (16.2) | 16.1 (5.7-NA) | 0.924 | 13 (14.4) | 9.7 (5.7-NA) | ||
| Normal | 46 (86.8) | 14.6 (10.6-19.6) | 31 (83.8) | 10.2 (8.2-17.6) | 77 (85.6) | 11.6 (9.7-16.8) | |||
| CEA | |||||||||
| Normal | 39 (73.6) | 13.0 (10.6-28.5) | 22 (61.1) | 10.7 (8.9-NA) | 0.312 | 61 (68.5) | 12.5 (10.4-19.5) | ||
| Elevated | 14 (26.4) | 10.7 (8.5-18.5) | 14 (38.9) | 9.1 (7.5-NA) | 28 (31.5) | 9.2 (8.2-16.2) | |||
| CA-19-9 | |||||||||
| Normal | 18 (34.0) | 13.0 (9.0-40.2) | 11 (30.6) | 18.4 (7.8-NA) | 0.915 | 29 (32.6) | 13.0 (9.0-29.2) | ||
| Elevated | 35 (66.0) | 11.5 (9.3-18.2) | 25 (69.4) | 9.0 (6.4-NA) | 60 (67.4) | 10.4 (9.2-16.2) | |||
| NLR | |||||||||
| Median (range) | 2.4 (1.6-3.4) | 2.6 (2.1-3.8) | 0.233 | 2.5 (1.8-3.7) | |||||
| Cut-off | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | ||||||
| < cut-off | 36 | 16.5 (11.2-29.2) | 23 | 10.7 (8.2-25.9) | 59 | 14.9 (10.6-20.8) | |||
| ≥ cut-off | 17 | 9.0 (7.3-13.0) | 14 | 8.9 (6.4-NA) | 31 | 9.0 (7.3-12.5) | |||
| PLR | |||||||||
| Median (range) | 136.2 (101.7-186.9) | 134.7 (96.0-202.6) | 0.860 | 135.4 (96.0-190.5) | |||||
| Cut-off | 86.4 | 86.4 | 86.4 | ||||||
| < cut-off | 9 | 29.2 (18.1-NA) | 7 | 10.7 (9.2-NA) | 16 | 24.9 (10.7-51.2) | |||
| ≥ cut-off | 44 | 11.6 (9.0-16.5) | 30 | 9.1 (7.5-17.6) | 74 | 10.4 (9.0-13.0) | |||
| SII | |||||||||
| Median (range) | 520.7 (362.0-776.7) | 520.2 (366.6-924.9) | 0.905 | 520.2 (362.0-790.8) | |||||
| Cut-off | 686.0 | 686.0 | 686.0 | ||||||
| < cut-off | 35 | 16.5 (10.6-29.2) | 27 | 10.4 (8.2-21.2) | 62 | 16.2 (10.7-19.6) | |||
| ≥ cut-off | 18 | 10.8 (8.3-18.2) | 10 | 8.9 (5.7-NA) | 28 | 9.2 (8.1-11.6) | |||
OS, overall survival; CI, confidence interval; IHCC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; EHCC, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; NA, not achieved; AoV ca, ampulla of Vater cancer; GB ca, gallbladder cancer; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA-19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, plateletto-lymphocyte ratio; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index.