Figure 1.

Evidence suggests that excessive dietary phosphate and renal burden increases the risk of dysregulated phosphate metabolism. It is hypothesized that dysregulated phosphate metabolism could act as a mediator or intermediary variable linking phosphate toxicity and systemic chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Phosphate toxicity may progress to tumorigenesis, and periodontal disease may occur as a comorbidity with systemic CKD-MBD, which forms an association between tumorigenesis and periodontal disease (dotted arrow).